1. Adverbs and Prepositions

2. Adverbs  Adverbs describe verbs.  Adverbs tell How?, When?, Where? the action occurs.  How?When? Where?  Fasttomorrow here  Hardlater inside  together again far  Happilyoften upstairs  Quietlyfirst downtown  Secretlynext somewhere  Slowlythen toward

3. Adverbs TTTTo identify adverbs correctly, simply ask if the word tells How? or When? or Where? IIIIf the answer is “yes,” then that word is an adverb. The scientist worked carefully on the experiment. (how?) You will receive the letter tomorrow. (when?) He ran inside. (where)

4. Comparing One Syllable Adverbs AAAAdverbs have special forms for comparisons: OOOOne syllable adverbs add –er or –est soonsoonersoonest fastfasterfastest EEEExample: The letter came sooner than I expected. He ran fastest of all.

5. Comparing Two Syllable Adverbs  Most  Most two syllable adverbs form their comparisons by using more more and most or less less and least: OftenOften more/less often often most/least often ThatThat happens more often than not. SuchSuch events happen less often now.  recently  recently more recently recently most recently ArcheologistsArcheologists have most recently discovered Pharaoh's tomb in Egypt.

6. Summary of Comparison of Adverbs  One  One syllable adverbs add –er or –est in the comparison.  More  More than syllable adverbs add the words more more and and most most or less less and least depending on the comparison.  When  When comparing two things, use –er, more, more, less.  When  When comparing three or more things, use –est, –est, most, most, or least.

7. Adjective or Adverb? AAAAdjectives answer the following questions: Which one? What kind? How Many? AAAAdverbs answer the following questions: When? Where? How?

8. Adjective or Adverb? EEEExample: That was a bad joke they played on the man. (answers the question what kind of a joke---adjective) The program was badly printed. (answers the question how It was printed---adverb)

9.  Examples: TheThe baseball team gave a good performance. (answers the question “what kind” of a performance--- adjective) TheyThey played especially well during the ninth inning. (answers the question “how” they played---adverb)

10. Adjective or Adverb? UUUUse well when it refers to health: Example: HHHHe feels well. SSSSue doesn’t seem well. Note: Well can be used as an adjective or as an adverb. However, only use well when it refers to health.

11. Summary of Adjectives AAAAdjectives must modify nouns and pronouns. AAAAdjectives answer the questions: Which one? What kind? How Many?

12. Summary of Adverbs AAAAdverbs must modify verbs, adjectives, and other adverbs. AAAAdverbs answer the following questions: W When? Where? H How? Note: When you use well to refer to health, well is an adjective---He feels well (not good).

13. Adverb or Adjective? UUUUse words such as good, bad, sure, real, slow are used as adjectives to modify nouns or pronouns. UUUUse words such as well, badly, surely, really, slowly as adverbs. UUUUse well when it refers to health. MMMMemorize the questions adjectives answer. MMMMemorize the questions adverbs answer.

14. Negatives WWWWords that mean “no” or “not” are negatives. She has no money left. There is none left. NNNNegatives can also be contracted. NNNN’t is a contraction for not: isn’taren’tdoesn’twouldn’t NNNNot is always an adverb.

15. Examples of Negatives nnnnotnowhere nobody nnnnevernothing no one SSSSome people want to use two negatives: There isn’t no one at home today. (incorrect) There isn’t anyone at home today. (correct) We haven’t never tried that before. (incorrect) We have never tried that before. (correct)

16. Summary of Negatives  A negative is a word that means “no” or “not.”  To contract a verb and a negative; simply add n’t to the verb.  Not is always an adverb.  A sentence should only have one negative.  Using double negatives is incorrect.

17. Prepositions AAAA preposition is a word that shows the relationship between a noun or a pronoun and another word in a sentence. Example: TTTThe dog ran with the man. TTTThe dog ran from the man. TTTThe dog ran at the man. TTTThe dog ran after the man Note: The relationship between dog and man changes when the preposition changes.

18. Prepositional Phrase  A  A prepositional phrase always begins with a preposition. prepositional phrase always ends with a noun or a pronoun.  That  That noun or pronoun is identified as “the object of the preposition.”  A  A prepositional phrase can have more than one object. prepositional phrase describes another word in the sentence.

19. Prepositional Phrase SSSSince prepositional phrases describe another word in the sentence, it is an adverb if it answers the questions When?, Where? or How? Examples: I will see you again on Thursday. (when?) We students will meet in the auditorium. (where?) We lined up in single file. (how?)

20. PPPPrepositional phrases can appear anywhere in a sentence. AAAA sentence can have more than one prepositional phrase. Example: OOOOn Monday we’ll meet again. WWWWe’ll meet again on Monday.  W W W We’ll meet on Monday again.

21. Pronouns in Prepositional Phrases  A  A prepositional phrase begins with a preposition and ends with a noun or a pronoun.  That  That noun or pronoun is identified as the object of the preposition.  When  When the object of the prepositional phrase is a pronoun, use the objective pronoun. (me, you, him, her, us, you, or them)

22. Pronouns in Prepositional Phrases TTTThe object pronouns are SSSSingularPlural mmmmeus yyyyouyou hhhhim, her, itthem HHHHe gave the letter to Bill and me. WWWWe divided the money with Tom and him. HHHHe pointed his finger at Sue and us.

23. Prepositional Phrases  Prepositions  Prepositions without an object can be used as an adverb: Example:Example:  He  He ran inside. fell down. turned the light on. worked outside. Note:Note: With an object, the preposition becomes a prepositional phrase.

24. Summary  Prepositional  Prepositional phrases begin with a preposition and end with a noun or a pronoun.  That  That noun or pronoun is identified as the object of the preposition.  If  If the object of the preposition is a pronoun, use the objective pronoun.  Prepositions  Prepositions without an object can become adverbs.  Adverbs  Adverbs tell how? how? or when? when? or where? an action happened.