1. 1-212 th AVIATION REGIMENT COMBAT MANEUVERING FLIGHT AND POWER MANAGEMENT

2. To provide a basic guideline for the performance of Combat Maneuvers and Power Management to support successful high energy employment. INTRODUCTION

3. Basic Maneuvering Flight Aerodynamics Just as rotor performance is affected by the aircraft being in or out of ground effect, there are several characteristics that aviators must be aware of to successfully perform combat maneuvers. - Transient Torque - Mushing - Conservation of Angular Momentum - High Bank Angle Turns

4. Transient Torque This is seen in the cockpit as a momentary increase in torque when the cyclic is displaced left of center. Conversely, as right cyclic is applied, a reduction in pitch on the advancing blade results in a reduction in induced drag that tends to increase Nr and a corresponding transient torque decrease.

5. Mushing Mushing results during High G maneuvers when at high forward airspeeds aft cyclic is abruptly applied. This results in a change in the airflow pattern on the rotor, exacerbated by total lift area reduction as a result of rotor disc coning.

6. Conservation of Angular Momentum A rotating body will rotate at the same velocity until some external force is applied to change the speed of rotation.

7. If adequate excess engine power is available, increasing collective pitch will enable continued flight while maintaining airspeed and altitude. High Bank Angle Turns

8. UH60 Performance Characteristics TRANSIENT ROTOR DROOP To minimize transient rotor droop, avoid situations which result in rapid rotor loading from low Ng SPEED and % TRQ conditions. Initiate maneuvers with collective inputs leading or simultaneous to cyclic inputs. During approach and landing, maintain at least 15% - 20% TRQ and transient droop will be minimal as hover power is applied.

9. High, Heavy, Hot When high gross weights are added to the equation, crews must be extremely thorough in mission/performance planning and cover contingencies during crew briefs. Less power margin that results from heavy aircraft and high DAs give crews considerably less flexibility in handling contingencies.

10. Retreating Blade Stall During missions with a heavy aircraft in a high, hot environment the onset of retreating blade stall occurs sooner (a good hint is when you notice a reduced VNE during PPC computation). High gross weight High temperature High DA Low Rotor RPM High G Maneuver High speed flight

11. REVIEW / DISCUSS - Combat Maneuver Rules of Thumb - High, Heavy, Hot Rules of Thumb

12. Combat Maneuver Do’s and Don’ts - Every aviator that employs these techniques at the wrong place and time endangers our ability to continue this critical training. - Only train maneuvers that have a combat application. - Taking unnecessary risks when carrying a load of combat equipped infantry soldiers can be equated to a Commercial Airline pilot showing off when carrying athletes to the Olympics. - There is no excuse. Do what the mission requires.

13. Maneuvering Flight 3000 Series Tasks 3005 Demonstrate / Perform Flight Characteristics at Vh-IAS 3006 Perform Maximum Bank Angle 3007 Perform Maximum Pitch Angle 3008 Perform Decelerating Turn

14. Perform Flight Characteristics at Vh – IAS 1. Maintain dual engine maximum torque +0%, -5% torque. 2. Establish Vh airspeed + 5 KIAS.

15. Demonstrate Transient Torque 60° Left 60° Right 100 KIAS 1000MSL Note TQ Maintain Altitude TQ

16. Demonstrate/Perform Maximum Bank Angle 60° Left 100 KIAS 1000MSL Direction of Flight 270° Turn Transient TQ

17. Demonstrate/Perform Maximum Bank Angle 60° Right 100 KIAS 1000MSL Direction of Flight 270° Turn Transient TQ

18. 400 AGL 100Kts Maximum Pitch Up Angle 70 KIAS 30° +0/-5

19. 2000 MSL 100Kts 130 KIAS 30° +0/-5 Maximum Pitch Down Angle Start to level before 1000 MSL Level Powered Flt No lower than 400 AGL