1. Breast and Prostate Cancer Prevention

2. Breast Cancer

3. What is Breast Cancer?
Abnormal cell growth in lobes or ducts of breast
Breast cells grow out of control
Cells clump together forming a mass

4. Breast Mass Most breast masses are not cancerous (benign)
Benign masses are not life threatening
Some masses are cancerous (malignant)

5. Breast Cancer Risk Factors
Sex
Age
Race
Alcohol consumption
Diet

6. Lifetime Exposure to Estrogen
Early menarche
Late menopause
No pregnancies or 1st child after 30
Use of birth control pills or estrogen therapy

7. Breastfeeding for at least 3 months appears to lower the risk of developing breast cancer by 25%.

8. Personal and Family History
Have you had breast cancer before?
Has your mother, sister or grandmother ever had breast cancer?
Have you ever been genetically tested and are said to carry the gene?

9. If you answered “yes” to any of the aforementioned questions you are at greater risk for developing breast cancer!

10. Other possible risk factors
Obesity
Pesticide and other chemical exposure
Cigarette smoke
Charred red meat

11. How do you lower your risk of breast cancer?
Eat foods high in fiber
Eat five or more fruits & vegetables daily
Include soy in your diet
Limit fat intake
Limit alcohol consumption

12. Stay Physically Fit! Exercising 4 times a week decreased risk by 58%
Include weight-bearing exercise to build stronger bones

13. Avoid Pesticides! Wash all produce! Peel waxed produce
Consider organically grown foods

14. Recognize Symptoms Early!
Lump or mass in breast or under arm
Change in size, shape, or color of the breast
Breast thickening, swelling, or tenderness
Dimples, puckers, or scales
Pain or discharge from nipple

15. Breast Cancer Screening Tests
Monthly breast self exam (BSE)
Examine breasts at same time monthly
Best time is right after your menstrual cycle
Become familiar with breast tissue and appearance

16. Breast Cancer Screening Tests
Clinical breast exam
Part of a physical
Conducted by a physician or health care provider
Recommended at least every
3 years

17. Mammogram X-ray that shows an image of breast tissue
Can detect problems that cannot yet be seen or felt with a BSE
Conducted annually for women over 40

18. Additional Steps:
Discuss your risk and family history with your health care provider
Women at a higher risk should discuss screening schedules with a health care provider

19. If you have any warning signs or symptoms, contact your provider immediately!

20. Prostate Cancer Prevention

21. Anatomy of the Prostate
Small, walnut-sized gland
Located in front of the rectum
Part of the male reproductive system
Produces fluid that mixes with sperm

22. What is Prostate Cancer?
Prostate cells grow out of control
Cells clump together and form a mass
Masses can be
Non-cancerous (benign)
Cancerous (malignant)

23. Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH)
Abnormal growth of benign cells in the prostate
Can press against the bladder
50% of men in US between ages 60 & 70 have symptoms
90% between ages 70 & 90 have symptoms
May or may not have to be treated

24. Prostate Cancer Risk Factors
Age
Usually occurs in men over 50
Risk goes up with age
Average age at diagnosis is 70

25. Family History
Risk doubles if your father or brother has a history of prostate cancer
Males whose mothers or sisters have had breast cancer carry a higher risk

26. Race More common in African American men than Caucasian men
Less common in Asian and American Indian men than Caucasian men

27. Other Risk Factors Farming Diet
Farmers who sprayed 250 acres or more doubled their risk
Diet
Diets higher in fat may increase susceptibility to prostate cancer

28. How do you lower your risk?
Reduce animal fat in diet
Especially red meat
Increase soy consumption
Soy milk
Tofu
Stay physically fit!

29. Tomatoes and high fiber diets appear to be protective in nature!

30. Recognize Symptoms Early!
Frequent urination
Inability or difficulty urinating
Weak or interrupted flow of urine
Pain or burning while urinating
Blood in urine or semen

31. Other possible symptoms
Painful ejaculation
Frequent pain or stiffness
Back
Hip
Thighs
Loss of weight or appetite

32. Prostate Cancer Screening Tests
Digital Rectal Exam (DRE)
Doctor’s examination with a lubricated finger
Recommended at 50 years old
Sooner with a family history

33. Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA)
Blood test
Checks level of substance produced by prostrate
Recommended at 50 years old
Sooner with a family history
Test does have limitations

34. An elevated PSA does not necessarily mean you have cancer!

35. Additional Steps:
Discuss your risk and family history with your health care provider
Men at a higher risk should discuss screening schedules with a health care provider

36. If you have any warning signs or symptoms, contact your provider immediately!

37. The earlier you detect the cancer the greater chances of successful treatment!