1. Program Expansions A Brief History Early 20 th Century – Timberland End of 20 th Century – Forestland In the 21 st Century – –Today – Land Use Change –Tomorrow – Treed Lands? –Day After Tomorrow – All Veg?

2. Program Expansions The Broader the look; the Better the Parts Timberland to Forestland Timberland; Reserved Forestland; Unproductive Forestland Forestland plus Land Use Change Forestland Urban Agriculture Rangeland Water Land Use Change ≠ NO Trees

3. Trees Falling thru Gap Not an Acre Not 120’ Wide Wrong Land Use

4. Why Fill the Gap All trees: Sequester Carbon Provide Habitat Filter Water Stabilize Soils Provide Biomass Enhance Biodiversity Create Jobs Some trees: Increase crop yields Protect livestock Conserve energy Improve health and safety Handy trees should be tally trees!

5. Filling the Gap One Constituency at a Time Trees on Non-Forestlands –Urban –Agricultural “Working Trees” –Riparian –Rangelands

6. Filling the Gap One Constituency at a Time New Constituency = Support New Support = Funding –Direct –Indirect New Funding = Filling the Gap WITHOUT compromising the base forestland mission

7. Filling the Gap Urban Lot’s of Statewide Urban Pilots –IN, WI, TN, CO, WA, OR, CA, HI, AK –Confirmed we can –Quantified urban forests –Confirmed value and benefits –Not resulted in strategic national investment –Maybe the scale is wrong??? FIA scale.. urban forests of USA Urban Constituency Scale…my city

8. Filling the Gap Urban Vibrant Cities Initiative (http://vcuf.files.wordpress.com/2012/11/vcuf_report.pdf)http://vcuf.files.wordpress.com/2012/11/vcuf_report.pdf Urban areas - where most people live (84%) and vote! Urban forests key to vibrant urban environments “At the root of every vibrant city is an urban forest” Urban areas viewed as ecosystems –People, infrastructure, and forest intermix/interact –“Ecosystem” key to scale issue Core Based Statistical Areas –Scale at which FIA can contribute

9. Filling the Gap Urban 12 Vibrant City Recommendations (Goals): Create a national education and awareness campaign. Foster urban forestry and natural resources stewardship and volunteerism. Create sustainable jobs in urban forestry and green infrastructure. Cultivate partnerships between public and private sectors. Develop new public administration models for urban ecosystems. Create comprehensive, multi-jurisdictional Urban Regional Natural Resource Plans. Integrate federal agencies’ green infrastructure goals. Establish energy efficiency programs that emphasize the use of trees. Ensure equal access to urban forestry and green infrastructure resources. Support collaborative urban ecosystem-focused research. Encourage open access to and use of social assessment tools. Establish national Vibrant Cities Standards.

10. Filling the Gap Urban FIA contributions to 12 Vibrant City goals: Baseline accounting of urban forests Long-term monitoring of change in urban forests Valuate urban forest benefits and services Platform for sample intensification/augmentation Nationally consistent methods and procedures Data sharing and distribution tools Job opportunities

11. Filling the Gap Urban FIA Benefits Extends FIA to voting populace Makes FIA key to their needs Broadens support network Parks and People Foundation ICLEI Local Governments for Sustainability USA Chicago Wilderness Tree Care Industry Association Urban Greenspaces Institute New York City Department of Parks & Recreation Arbor Day Foundation TreePeople, Inc. Cascade Land Conservancy Congress for New Urbanism Trees Forever Open Space Institute International Society of Arboriculture Sacramento Tree Foundation Sustainable Urban Forests Coalition New York Restoration Project Society for Municipal Arborists Alliance for Community Trees National Urban and Community Forestry Advisory Council Strategic urban forest inventory –Built one metro area at a time –Allows seamless urban to rural monitoring

12. Filling the Gap - Defining Urban

14. Filling the Gap – Defining Urban

15. Filling the Gap - Urban City Intensifications —Maintaining continuity with past Urban inventories (I-Tree, FIA Urban Pilots, ARRA, etc.) Overlay new FIA hex sampling frame on old urban grid –If new hex contains FIA base grid plot then keep Else –If new hex contains old grid plot then keep Else –If neither base FIA nor old then add new plot Possibility to maintain some historic trend data –If resources available City Intensified Hexes Old New

16. Filling the Gap Urban Dave Nowak design Single 1/10th acre fixed Fast and efficient in cities FIA design Cluster of 4 - 1/6th acre fixed Clunky in cities Pragmatic Suggestion

17. Filling the Gap Rural/Urban Strata Dual Plot Design Model Rural Stratum Traditional FIA Forestland 4 subplot cluster Urban Stratum Single 1/6 acre fixed plot at subplot 1 on FIA non-forestland Dual Design On FIA Forestland in Urban Stratum = Percent of FIA plots 32.8% 0.7% 3.6%

18. Filling the Gap -- Urban Urban Plot Size Options Practical plot size in Urban areas: 1/10 th acre Urban plot 37.2 ft. radius 1/6 th acre on par with rural Else 1/10 th acre same as i-Tree Else 1/24 th acre same as subplot 1

19. Filling the Gap - Urban

20. The NWOS contacts forest-land owners from across the country to ask them questions about: The forest land they own Their reasons for owning it Their uses of it Their management of it Their information needs Their future intentions for it Their demographics Extend NWOS to urban areas Different focus; different questions; same foundational sampling frame/processing engine

21. Filling the Gap – Urban Team National Urban Team – Mark Majewsky –Members from all Units/partners –IM Planning Sub-team (Mark Hatfield) –Reporting Sub-team (Tonya Lister) –Pre-field Sub-team (James Blehm) Plot sheet design (Cassandra Olson) Navigational aids (Cassandra Olson) –Field Guide Sub-team (Mark Majewsky) –PDR Sub-team (Jay Solomakos) –Ownership Sub-team (Brett Butler) –TPO Sub-team (Ron Piva)

22. Filling the Gap Urban Logical Partnership with i-Tree –Dave Nowak, FS R&D, NRS Urban Forest Specialist Established user base Established partnerships Does urban forest inventory for a living Partner in all our urban pilots Has developed software –I-Tree –Urban Forest Effects Model (UFORE) –Has read and emulated the little green book Established processing engine Established reporting format

23. Filling the Gap -- Urban Prefield Field Processing Analysis Distribution Staged Cooperation FIA I-Tree/D. Nowak Conceptual Partnering Model Old Model State Pilot Model New Model Future Model?

24. Filling the Gap -- Urban FIA Lead I-Tree Lead New FIA / I-Tree Partnering Model Plot Selection- overlay new FIA grid on top of any existing grid to facilitate trending/change estimation if resources available MIDAS – modify to capture/edit combined field manual data on single-plot design and dual design for FIA forest plots in urban Pre-Field – determine visitation; prepare navigational aids; consistency in cover/use calls with FIA/Urban/ICE MIDAS – post- field edit; create urban output file that is UFORE input ready, streamline the pass to UFORE FIELD – FIA train, certify, and QA; data collection (feds, states, cities, or contracts) NIMS – process traditional FIA rural data as normal I-Tree – Dave et al. analyze and publish typical UFORE report embellished with FIA data I-Tree – process urban data through UFORE; accommodate FIA table outputs, condition weighting, error estimation, change estimation as practical/over time FIA – pass estimation “weighting” info to I- Tree/UFORE engine I-Tree – create FIADB-like standardized output file from UFORE that has UFORE variables concatenated at appropriate levels (tree, condition, plot) I-Tree – create a new level of the I- Tree database to store FIA-certified urban forest inventory data (the standardized FIADB-like file from UFORE) FIA – Develop data distribution tool to hit against FIADB- like UFORE output …UrbanEvalidator

26. Filling the Gap – Urban 2014 Initiate Baltimore CBSA Annualized 7-year cycle ~29 City (red) plots/yr ~14 Urban (blue) plots/yr Partners –Dave Nowak/i-Tree –Baltimore LTER –City of Baltimore –State

27. Filling the Gap – Urban 2014 Initiate Austin CBSA Annualized 10-year cycle ~20 City (red) plots/yr ~4 Urban (blue) plots/yr Accelerated City Cycle –1 or 2 years –Report out sooner Build Support Partners –Dave Nowak/i-Tree –State –City of Austin

28. Filling the Gap - Urban 2015+ Vibrant Cities 7-year plan: Select at least 25 cities of various sizes and in multiple regions to test new data gathering tools, providing for standard collection of assessment using identical methodologies and allowing comparison across municipalities. Encourage implementation of these tools by 2020 in: – 25% of cities with populations <250,000 – 50% of cities with populations of 250,000 to 1 million – 100% of cities with populations > 1 million

29. Filling the Gap – Urban Road Rules Partnership Model –FIA and I-Tree Under Vibrant Cities Umbrella Goals: –Long-term Strategic Inventory and Monitoring of the Nation’s Urban Forests »Not another pilot »Built one Census Core Based Statistical Area (CBSA) at a time »Annualized to FIA rural forest inventory cycles within the CBSA »Strategic monitoring of all urban forests within each CBSA »Intensified monitoring of urban forests in the target city within each CSBA »Provide annual information on the status and trends in target city forests »Provide for the broader-scale monitoring of all forests along the urban to rural gradient »Place city forests into context within the broader urban to rural continuum »Forward Vibrant City goals Design –Population Census--Core Based Statistical Areas (multi –county areas which build to national) –Census-defined urban areas and urban clusters boundaries within »Target-city boundary within –FIA Hexagonal Sampling Frame Sampling Intensity –FIA base intensity (1 plot/~6000 acres) in urban boundary –Intensify as necessary to achieve 200 total plots in the target city

30. Filling the Gap – Urban Road Rules –Plot Design 4-subplot cluster for FIA (rural) forests Single plot at subplot one for urban –1/6 acre fixed Dual design for FIA forest plots in urban –Exploit marginal cost opportunity (FIA already visits 20% of urban plots) –Maintain consistency with rural and urban designs/estimation –Annualize Match FIA rural forest cycle Match FIA production/delivery goals –Collect data in 1 year –Process/post data within 6 months of last plot –Publish comprehensive report every 5 years –Develop data distribution tools –Met by combination of FIA and I-Tree systems –Data Collection Start by merging FIA and I-Tree UFORE field manuals –Traditional outputs of both Programs –Augment/refine in time »Learn from initial efforts »Only after initial effort firmly underway

31. Filling the Gap – Urban Road Rules –Data Collection Staffing –Best mix (fed, partners, contracts) –All must be trained –All must be certified –All must pass check plots Quality Standards and Attainment –Trained and Certified crews –4% - 10% of plots checked annually »Blind, Hot, and Cold –Measurement Quality Objectives »Basis for passing check plot »Quantified and reported –Estimates with sampling errors »Statistical precision goals Full breadth of FIA program with logical urban refinements –Plots »Characterize vegetation and sites upon which it grows »P1, P2, P2 + (ecosystem indicators) –Timber Product Output »Characterize mills, wood used, products made, and residues generated –National Woodland Owners Survey »Characterize owners, attitudes, behaviors, and intentions

32. Filling the Gap – Urban Road Rules –Sample Integrity Protections Do not bias the sample –Access –Ancillary efforts »May not be the best platform for some R&D efforts –Privacy Protections Get permission to collect Do not divulge individual’s proprietary data –Spatial Data Services Maximize data utility while staying compliant with Integrity/Privacy protections Augmentation opportunities paid by partner –Spatial intensification Increase the number of samples (sample intensity) –More precise estimates/more confidence for smaller areas of interest –Temporal intensification Speed the number of plots installed in a year/shorten the cycle length –Report out sooner –Establishment of rolling average and change estimation sooner –Additional Data Attributes –Augment when mutually beneficial and not detrimental to base effort