2. Social Cognitive Theory Pertemuan 17 Matakuliah: L0194 – Psikologi Kepribadian Tahun: 2010

3. Bina Nusantara Who Is Albert Bandura?

4. Bina Nusantara Learning Humans are quite flexible and capable of learning multitude of attitudes, skills, and behavior Direct Experience & Vicarious Learning/ Observational Learning Enactive Learning

5. Bina Nusantara Observational Learning Learn through observing the behavior of other people Reinforcement is not essential to learning The core is Modeling

6. Bina Nusantara Modeling Adding & subtracting from the observed behavior and generalizing from one observation to another Involves cognitive process (more than just mimicry or imitating)  symbolically representing information and storing it for use in the future time Who is the model? ^ Characteristics of models are important ^ Characteristics of observer ^ The consequences of behavior being modeled

7. Bina Nusantara Proses: - Attention sering dilihat, menarik, konsekuensi yg valuabe - Representation simbolik dalam otak, infancy, verbal n non verbal - Behavioral production to produce.. We ask: How, what, Am I? - Motivation facilitating the performances

8. Bina Nusantara Enactive Learning Complex human behavior can be learned when people think about and evaluate the consequences of their behavior Fungsi konsekuensi respons: –Info efek perilaku untuk pandu aksi berikutnya –Motivate our anticipatory behavior –Reinforce behavior

9. Bina Nusantara Triadic Reciprocal Causation Human action is a result of an interaction among: Behavior PersonEnvironment

10. Bina Nusantara “chance favors only the prepared mind” Chance Encounter –Unintended meeting of person unfamiliar each other –Not uncontrollable Fortuitous Event –Maslow with Bertha Goodman –Bandura with Psychology

11. Bina Nusantara Human Agency People are self regulating, proactive, self reflective, self organizing and have power to influence their own action to produce desire consequences It’s not: possess homunculus and react automatically It is: active process of exploring, manipulating, influencing the environment to attain desired outcomes

12. Bina Nusantara Human Agency (Continue…) 4 core feature: a. intentionality expectation/ prediction and proactive commitment b. Forethought set goals, anticipate likely outcomes of their actions c. Self-reactiveness plan & contemplate future behavior and monitoring d. Self-reflectiveness Examine their own function  Self Efficacy

13. Bina Nusantara Self Efficacy “people’s beliefs in their capability to exercise some measure of control over their own functioning and over environmental events” Efficacy expectation ≠ outcomes expectation

14. Bina Nusantara Self Efficacy (continue…) Self Efficacy vs Responsiveness of environment: Efficacy Env. LowHigh LowApathy Resignation helplesness Try to change env (protest, social activism) Or seek responsive env. HighDepressed (tasks are too difficult) Successfull

15. Bina Nusantara Self Efficacy (continue…) 4 sources: 1.Mastery experiences (most influencial sources) Past performance 2.Social Modeling Vicarious learning by other people 3.Social Persuasion The person must belive the persuader 4.Physical & emotional states Relax & reduce of anxiety

16. Bina Nusantara Self Efficacy (Continue…) Proxy Agency Relying on others who had more potential Cud weaken personal & collective efficacy Collective Efficacy People’s shared beliefs in their collective power to produce desired results

17. Bina Nusantara Self Regulation High level of Self Efficacy + confident in their reliance on proxies + possess solid collective efficacy  capacity to regulate their own behavior

18. Bina Nusantara Proses Self Regulation Possess limited ability to manipulate the external factors People are capable of monitoring their own behavior & evaluating it in terms of both proximate & distant goals Behavior, stem from reciprocal influence of both

19. Bina Nusantara Self Regulation (continue…) External Factors –Provide a standard for evaluating our own behavior –Provide the means for reinforcement Internal Factors –Self Observation –Judgemental process (depend on personal standards, referential performances, valuation of activity, performance attribution –Self reaction

20. Bina Nusantara Self regulation through moral agency Doing no harm to people Proactively helping people Selective activation Disengangement of internal control

21. Bina Nusantara Proses Redefine the behavior –Cognitive restructuring –Such as: moral justification, palliative comparison, euphemistic labels Disregard or distort the consequences of behavior –Minimize the consequences –Disregard the consequences –Distort the consequences Dehumanize or blame the victims Displace or Diffuse responsibility