1. December 5, 20001 Heavy Truck Fuel Savings through the application of Surface Wind Forecasts Case Study/Demonstration Robert Wright Planning Systems Incorporated 7923 Jones Branch Drive McLean, Virginia 22102-3304 (703) 734-3446 rwright@plansys.com

2. December 5, 20002 Weather/Wind Forecasts - Applied Successfully for Military Aircraft & Ship Operations -- e.g., Optimum Path Aircraft Routing System (Air Transportation) -- e.g., Optimum Track Ship Routing (Sea Transportation) - Forecast Wind Fields Impact Routes/Scheduling -- Optimize for: Minimum Fuel Similar Application for Land Transportation Commercial Heavy Trucking Operations - Long Haul - Determine Optimum (Minimum Fuel) Schedule/Route Based On : Route Forecast Surface Winds (head/tail and cross) Truck Highway Speed Aerodynamic Drag (truck /trailer type and configuration ) CONCEPT

3. December 5, 20003 Application when Forecast Surface Winds: - Strong (significant impact on fuel consumption) - Change in Time (significant change in fuel consumption) - Verify (reliable prediction of fuel consumption change) Long Haul Trucking Operations: Flexibility = Fuel Savings - Departure Scheduling: -- Take Advantage of Periods of Predicted Minimum Fuel Consumption -- Avoid Periods of Predicted Maximum Fuel Consumption - Route Selection: -- Take Advantage of Routes with Predicted Minimum Fuel Consumption -- Avoid Routes with Predicted Maximum Fuel Consumption -- Applicable for Longer, Cross-Country Routes; use Longer Lead-Time Forecasts CONCEPT

4. December 5, 20004 DEMONSTRATION Fuel Consumption versus Departure Time

5. December 5, 20005 Representative Drive Model - Average Highway Speed: 67 MPH - Total Time: 10 Hours -- 4 Drive Segments: 2 Hours (134.1 Miles) 1 Hour 40 Minutes (111.8 Miles) 2 Hours (134.1 Miles) 1 Hour 40 Minutes (111.8 Miles) -- 3 Intervening Rest Periods 40 Minutes, 1 Hour, 1 Hour Head/Tail Wind Forecast Synchronized with Truck Location/Time - Time-Phased Integration of Drive Model and Forecast Wind Fields DEMONSTRATION Fuel Consumption versus Departure Time

6. December 5, 20006 NOAA NWS Daily Weather Map, 05 April 1999/1200Z Interstate-80 Cheyenne to Omaha

7. December 5, 20007 NOAA NWS Daily Weather Map, 06 April 1999/1200Z Interstate-80 Cheyenne to Omaha

8. December 5, 20008 MM5 Analysis 05 Apr 99/0600Z MM5 Grid Line Cheyenne to Omaha Truck Vector 67 MPH

9. December 5, 20009 MM5 Forecast 05 Apr 99/1200Z MM5 Grid Line Cheyenne to Omaha Truck Vector 67 MPH

10. December 5, 200010 MM5 Forecast 05 Apr 99/1800Z MM5 Grid Line Cheyenne to Omaha Truck Vector 67 MPH

11. December 5, 200011 MM5 Forecast 06 Apr 99/0000Z MM5 Grid Line Cheyenne to Omaha Truck Vector 67 MPH

12. December 5, 200012 MM5 Forecast 06 Apr 99/0600Z MM5 Grid Line Cheyenne to Omaha Truck Vector 67 MPH

13. December 5, 200013 Route Segment Head(-)/Tail(+) Winds Cheyenne to Omaha At Indicated Time Time-Phased with Drive Model [Truck Departs at Indicated Time]

14. December 5, 200014 Route Segment Head(-)/Tail(+) Winds Cheyenne to Omaha At Indicated Time Time-Phased with Drive Model [Truck Departs at Indicated Time]

15. December 5, 200015 Horsepower Contributions Horsepower Required to Overcome Aerodynamic Drag and Rolling Friction/Accessories Class 8 Tractor-Trailer: 80,000 Pounds Courtesy/Permission Professor Fred Browand University of Southern California, Los Angeles DOE Heavy Vehicle Aerodynamic Drag Project from A Multi-Year Program Plan for the Aerodynamic Design of Heavy Vehicles Assumptions: Cross-Wind Does Not Affect: C D Rolling Friction

16. December 5, 200016 Relative Wind Fuel Consumption Fuel Consumption to Overcome Aerodynamic Drag and Rolling Friction/Accessories Class 8 Tractor-Trailer; 80,000 Pounds C D = 0.6 Highway Speed: 67 MPH

17. December 5, 200017 Total Fuel Consumed versus Departure Time

18. December 5, 200018 Operational Implementation National Centers for Environmental Prediction Model Forecast Surface Wind Fields - NOAAPORT NWS Telecommunication Gateway - Eta, Nested Grid Model, Rapid Update Cycle Compute Fuel Consumption as a Function of Possible: - Truck Types/Configurations, Routes, Departure Times Fuel Consumption & Departure Time - Additional Parameters for Load Optimization/Scheduling Programs - For Dispatcher: Wind Optimization Feature ON or OFF For Independent Truckers/Small Trucking Companies - Internet Web Site - Select Truck Type/Configuration, Route, Average Speed - Display Total Fuel Consumption versus Departure Time

19. December 5, 200019 Potential Fuel Savings - Complete Study Required Midwest/Great Plains Interstate Highway Routes

20. December 5, 200020 Potential Fuel Savings - Study Design/Parameters Fall-through-Spring Period(s) Surface Wind Analyses [ e.g., FSL Hourly, 40-Km Rapid Update Cycle] Model/Adjust Surface Winds to Truck Height Interpolate Surface Winds to Interstate Highway Routes Accurate Fuel Consumption Model: Include Cross-Wind Effects - Rolling Friction & Drag Coefficient Tailor to Long Haul Centrally Dispatched Trucking Operations - Type of Trucks/Configurations (drag coefficients) - Route Traffic Density (typical number of trucks scheduled by route) - Daily Departure Times (typical number of departures by time-of-day) - Scheduling Flexibility (allowable change versus lead-time) Metric: Total Fuel Saved versus Change in Departure Time