1. Chapter 4
Forces

2. Force-
An action exerted on an object which may change the objects state of rest or motion. It is a Vector!

3. How Can We Measure Force?
System
Mass
Acceleration
Force SI kg
m/s^2
Newton
Cgs g
cm/s^2
Dyne
Avoirdupois
Slug
ft/s^2
Pound

4. The Newton The Newton is how we measure Force in Physics.
Abbreviation = N
It can be broken up into- (kg*m/s^2)
1N = 0.225lbs
1lb = 4.448N

5. Newton’s Laws
1st: Objects at rest stay at rest, and objects in motion stay in motion.
2nd: F = ma
3rd: When an object exerts a force on another object, the second object exerts a force on the first object equal in magnitude and opposite in direction.

6. Types of Forces Contact Field Applied Friction Tension Normal Gravity
Electro-Magnetic
Nuclear (strong and Weak)

7. Free Body Diagrams
Since Force is a Vector, we can represent it as a Vector Arrow.
When there are more than one Forces acting on an object we represent all of them by different Arrows on the object.
We call this a Free Body Diagram

8. Free Body Diagrams When Drawing free body Diagrams. (remember)
Each Vector originates from the center of mass of the object.
The Length of the Arrow = Magnitude of the Force.
Direction of the Force = Direction of the Arrow.
A toddler drags a box of toys Horizontally across the floor.
Normal
Applied
Gravity

9. Exit Ticket
A truck pulls a trailer on a flat road. Gravity pulls down on the trailer 250,000N, the road pushes back up with 250,000N. The force exerted on the trailer by the cable is 20,000N to the right.
Draw a Free Body Diagram of the Trailer?

10. Do Now
Draw a Free Body Diagram on a Car that is not moving but is being pulled down with a Force of 25,000N and is supported by the ground with 25,000N of Force.

11. What is the Difference between Force, and Net Force

12. Chapter 4
Newton’s First Law

13. Newton’s First Law
An object at rest remains at rest; and an object in straight line constant speed motion stays in straight line constant speed motion, unless acted on by an outside Force.

14. Inertia:
The tendency for an object to sty at rest, or stay in straight line constant speed motion.
The Tendency for an object to stay in Equilibrium.
The tendency for an object NOT to accelerate.
The Laziness of an object.
Amount of mass an object has.

15. Stations
At each Station there is a “puzzle” set up. As a group you must try to figure it out and answer the Question. The rules and explanation are at the stations.

16. Net Force The addition of all the Forces acting on an object.
Later on we will use NSEW to solve for this

17. Equilibrium The state in which the Net Force is equal to Zero
Or, a state at which an object is not accelerating.
What does that say about the objects motion?

18. Yes!
For an object to be in equilibrium, it does not have to be at rest.
It can also be moving in straight line constant speed motion.

19. A look back at Newton’s 1st Law
An object at rest remains at rest; and an object in straight line constant speed motion stays in straight line constant speed motion, unless acted on by an outside Force.
OR,
An object in equilibrium stays in equilibrium, unless acted on by an outside Force!

20. Calculating Net Force
Follow the same rules from before when dealing with Vectors.
1 Break all Forces into Components.
2 Put all Components into NSEW
3 Find a Net Force in the x and y direction.
4 Find the Resultant Force from the x and the y.

21. Page 128
# 1: A man is pulling on his dog with a Force of 70.0N directed at an angle of 30degrees above the horizontal. Find the x and y components.

22. Page 128
# 2: A gust of wind blows an apple from a tree. As the apple falls, the gravitational force on the apple is 2.25N downward, and the force of the wind on the apple is 1.05N to the right. Find the magnitude and direction of the Net Force on the apple?

23. Page 128
# 3: The wind exerts a force of 452N North on a sailboat, while the water exerts a force of 325N west on the sailboat. Find the magnitude and direction of the Net force on the sailboat?

24. DO NOW
Draw a Free Body Diagram of a Car that is Driving to the right in a straight line at a constant velocity, and weighs 26,000N.

25. What Is different about Static Equilibrium and Dynamic Equilibrium?

26. What Do They Have In Common?

27. Chapter 4
Newton’s 2nd and 3rd Laws

28. Newton’s 2nd Law
The acceleration of an object is directly proportional to the net force acting on the object and inversely proportional to the objects mass.
Or,
F = ma

29. Let’s try our New Equation Out
The Net Force on the propeller of a 3.2kg model airplane is 7.0N forward. What is the acceleration of the airplane?
Draw the FBD first then Solve!!!

30. Newton’s 3rd Law
If an object exerts a force on a second object, then that second object exerts a force on the first object that is equal in magnitude but opposite in direction.
Forces always exist in Pairs!

31. With That Being Said
A little sports car collides head on with a big Ford Pickup truck. Which experiences the most damage?
Which experiences the most Force?
How can that Be?

32. Field Forces also work in Pairs.
If the Earth pulls on you, you also pull on the Earth.
The Earth just has a little bit more mass so it doesn’t quite feel it.

33. Types of Forces
Weight: a measure of Gravitational Force exerted on an object. W = mg
Normal Force: A force that supports an object and acts perpendicular to the contact surface.
Tension: The pulling Force in a rope.
Friction: The force that resists the Motion of an object.

34. FBD
Draw a free body diagram on a Text book that is sitting on an incline and is not moving.

35. Friction
Static Friction: The Frictional Force that resists an initial sliding motion of an object at rest.
Kinetic Friction: The Frictional Force that opposes the motion of an object that is moving.

36. Ticket To Exit
Draw a Venn Diagram of Static and Kinetic Friction.

37. Find the Net Force!
If the object has a mass of 60kg, what acceleration will it have?
Fn=50N
Fa=100N
Ff=45N
Ɵ=30°
Fg=100N

38. 500kg car, how much acceleration do the tow ropes apply?
Find the Net Force!
500kg car, how much acceleration do the tow ropes apply?
Ff=1500N
Ff=1500N
Ɵ=25°
Ɵ=25°
Ff=2000N

39. 400N
150N
400N 30 degrees
200N

40. 300N 60 degrees
???
150N
500N

41. Find the Net Force and acceleration of the 10kg object

42. Find the Net Force and acceleration of the 100kg object.
55°
400N °

43. Find the Normal Force
???N
400N 10 degrees
50N

44. A 40kg object is being pulled at an angle of 40° with a Force of 100N
A 40kg object is being pulled at an angle of 40° with a Force of 100N. What is the Normal Force? And Frictional Force?
???
100N
???
20°
400N
Fn 366 Ff 94

45. Draw a free body Diagram of an wagon being pulled to the right with a Force of 40N at an angle of 30degrees above the horizontal.

46. Draw a Free Body Diagram of a Book on a 30 degree inclined plane that is not moving.

47. What is Newton’s First Law?
What is Inertia?

48. What is Newton’s 2nd Law?

49. What is Newton’s 3rd Law?

51. Friction Continued… Coefficient of Friction (µ)
The ratio of the magnitude of the Frictional Force and the Normal Force.
Two Types
Static Coefficient of Friction
Kinetic Coefficient of Friction
Neither of which have any Units

52. Coefficient of Friction
µ = Frictional Force/Normal Force

53. Calculating Coefficients
A 30N box sits on the floor, and it takes a 25N applied horizontal force to get it to move. What is the Coefficient of Static Friction?
Then once the 30N box is moving it requires a 18N applied Horizontal Force to keep it moving. What is the Coefficient of Kinetic Friction?

54. Bringing It All Together!!!
A student attaches a rope to a 20.0kg box of books. He pulls with a Force of 90.0N at an angle of 30 degrees. The coefficient of kinetic friction between the box and the sidewalk is What is the acceleration of the box?
0.12m/s2 to the right

55. Still Bringing It Together
A lawn care professional pushes his lawn mower with a Force of 485N at an angle of 35degrees below the horizontal. If the mower has a mass of 31.9kg answer the following question.
A. If the µk between the box and the floor is 0.57 how long does it take to move the box 4m?
B. If the µk between the box and the floor is 0.75 how long does it take to move the box 4m?
A. 2s
B. Never

56. Home Work!!!
Page number:
#’s 12, 21, 22, 45, 46

57. Another Day, Another Problem
What is the acceleration of the 45kg object, if the coefficient of friction is 0.37?
300N
25 degrees