1. Introduction to the Microscope
Biology 201
Introduction to the Microscope

2. Laboratory Safety and Etiquette
Cabrillo College Department of Biology

3. Laboratory Rules No eating or drinking in labs
Do not enter halls; remain only in classroom
Clean up after yourself

4. Laboratory Etiquette Clean your personal workspace after use
Wipe down benches with disinfectant before and after use
Ensure that no trash is left behind
No trash in the sinks
Push in chairs
Place lab items back on carts and trays

5. Laboratory Safety Outline
1. Laboratory Hygiene
2. Sharps Safety
3. Safety Equipment
4. Fire Safety
5. Chemical Safety
6. Biohazard Safety

6. 1. Laboratory Hygiene Avoid cross contamination
Do not touch self, faucets, doorknobs, notebooks, pens etc. with gloves on.
Clean and disinfect your workspace
Scrub hands thoroughly before leaving lab

7. 2. Sharps Safety Sharps include
Razor and scalpel blades
Needles and pins
Microscope cover slips
Broken glass
Place sharps in designated, labeled sharps boxes
Larger broken glass pieces go into designated glass box (ask for help)
NO SHARPS OR GLASS IN THE TRASH

8. 3. Safety Equipment Shower and eyewash (15 min. soak) First aid kit
Do not hesitate to use this equipment if necessary
First aid kit

9. 4. Fire Safety Never leave flames unattended
Do not use flammables near ignition sources
Fire Extinguishers
Pull ring, aim at fire’s base, squeeze handle, sweep back and forth (evacuate if >1m3)
Fire Blanket
Fire alarm pulls

10. 5. Chemical Safety HAZMAT is short for “Hazardous Material”
~Any material that would be a danger to life or the environment if released without precautions
Dispose of chemical waste in provided containers
DO NOT pour chemical wastes down the drain
Wear gloves and safety glasses when appropriate
Follow the instructor’s directions when dealing with any chemical

11. 6. BIOHAZARD Safety BIOHAZARD is short for Biological Hazard
~Any biological substance or substances that may pose a threat to the health of a living organism, particularly humans
Biohazards include, but are not limited to: Human cells, bodily fluids, and bacterial cultures
Biohazard sharps must be placed into the biohazard Sharps container
Solid Biohazard materials must be sealed in a biohazard bag, and then placed into the biohazard bin for professional disposal

12. History of the Microscope
Anton van Leeuwenhoek (1676) was first to see microorganisms

13. History of the Microscope
Robert Hooke proposed “cell theory” and invented primitive compound microscopes

14. A Compound Microscope

15. Rules for microscope protection
Cary microscope upright with two hands
Clean lenses with lens paper ONLY
Always begin with lowest power objective
Focus downwards
Never use course focus with the 10x, 40x or 100x objective
When returning to cabinet: remove last slide, lower stage, put 4x objective in place, turn dimmer down to 1, wrap cord, place in cabinet with eyepieces facing inward

16. Slides we will look at today
Letter “e”
Colored threads
Elodea plant
Cheek cells
Blood smear

17. This slide is brought to you by the letter “e” (40x objective)

18. Slide of thread with 40x objective

19. Slide of elodea with 10x and 40x objectives

20. Cytoplasmic streaming of chloroplasts inside elodea

21. Slide of elodea with 40x objective in Sodium chloride

22. Properties of Light

23. Properties of Light
Oil matches the refraction index of glass

24. Slide of human cheek cells with 40x objective

25. Slide of human blood cells under oil immersion (100x objective)

26. Clean up reminder

27. The end