1. M. Balikova, NL CRCyfrowość bibliotek i archiwów Warszawa, 2009 1 Subject access in Czechia Marie.Balikova@nkp.cz

2. M. Balikova, NL CRCyfrowość bibliotek i archiwów Warszawa, 2009 2 Outline Knowledge Organization Systems Czech Subject Authority File (CZENAS) Conspectus Categorization Scheme (CCS) –Uniform and Subject Information Gateways –Topic Map of Library Collection CZENAS in Digital Collections at the NL CR DL in European context

3. M. Balikova, NL CRCyfrowość bibliotek i archiwów Warszawa, 2009 3 Traditional KOS represent the lists of words and phrases, or notation symbols organized according to explicit rules with different level of hierarchical structure (from very limited to highly sophisticated) are used to tag units of information so that they may be more easily retrieved by a search solve the problems of homographs, synonyms and polysemes ensure consistency when the same concept can be given different names –consistency of terms is one of the most important aspects in organization and management of information controlled vocabularies and classification schemes are meant for human users

4. M. Balikova, NL CRCyfrowość bibliotek i archiwów Warszawa, 2009 4 Non traditional KOS Ontologies as a form of knowledge representation, are defined as a systematic account of existence, a specification of a conceptualization –describe concepts and relationships in programmatic ways and enable arbitrary relationships –represent Knowledge Organization Systems which try to capture and describe the real world entities and relationships in „mashine“ readable and understandable manner Other searching systems and techniques the user wants not whole documents but brief answers to specific questions: How old is the President? When did Jan Hus die? What is the anthem of European Union? –answering short questions becomes a problem of finding the best combination of word-level information retrieval (IR) and syntactic/semantic-level natural language processing (NLP) techniques

5. M. Balikova, NL CRCyfrowość bibliotek i archiwów Warszawa, 2009 5 Participants in the project TRUST Multilingual Semantic and Cognitive Search Engine for Text Retrieval Using Semantic Technologies IST-1999-56416 Question-answering method is used Monolingual Multilingual You could search in: French, Italian, Polish, Portuguese M-CAST: + two languages: English Czech M-CAST Question – answering method M-CAST answer – block of answers Exact, direct answer Snippet Visualization of resource page Prototype of the system

6. M. Balikova, NL CRCyfrowość bibliotek i archiwów Warszawa, 2009 6 What is the anthem of European Union? Question in English Answer in Polish: „Ody do radości“

7. M. Balikova, NL CRCyfrowość bibliotek i archiwów Warszawa, 2009 7 Quel est le drapeau de l'Union Européenne? What is the flag of the European Union? Question in French, Answer in Portuguese: „círculo de doze estrelas douradas sobre fundo azul“

8. M. Balikova, NL CRCyfrowość bibliotek i archiwów Warszawa, 2009 8

9. M. Balikova, NL CRCyfrowość bibliotek i archiwów Warszawa, 2009 9 Czech National Subject Authority File a structured controlled vocabulary identifying the basic semantic relationships (equivalence, hierarchical and associative) between terms in natural language that is designed for both, post-coordination and pre-coordination an integrated indexing and retrieval tool in which verbal (controlled) terms are being linked to the UDC equivalent notations and English terms a standardized system of controlled terms which could serve the needs of professionals (cataloguers, indexers) and non- professionals, e.g. web content creators as well to offer them an organizing tool not only to retrieve material, but to tag material as well non-professionals would like to use a standardized indexing and retrieval tool but simple in structure (like Dublin Core format), in syntax (descriptor-type system), and with up-to-date terminology

10. M. Balikova, NL CRCyfrowość bibliotek i archiwów Warszawa, 2009 10 UDC - a complementary tool, mapping process Universal Decimal Classification covers all subjects provides context to search terms supports interoperability between information systems enables –browsing and navigation –broadening and narrowing searches –multilingual access to collections –language independent coding Mapping process between Czech verbal expressions and UDC numbers is being done intellectually candidates of controlled terms are chosen with document in hand (from bottom up) in order to suggest terms as specific as needed (not as specific as possible) single or complex UDC numbers (pre-combined) are linked, English equivalents of preferred terms are added

11. M. Balikova, NL CRCyfrowość bibliotek i archiwów Warszawa, 2009 11 Structure of authority record Individual entities Link to Wikipedia provides additional information

12. M. Balikova, NL CRCyfrowość bibliotek i archiwów Warszawa, 2009 12 Example of the application of geographic coordinates in authority record for places

13. M. Balikova, NL CRCyfrowość bibliotek i archiwów Warszawa, 2009 13 Example of UDC index of formal descriptors in both Czech and English languages

14. M. Balikova, NL CRCyfrowość bibliotek i archiwów Warszawa, 2009 14 Conspectus Categorization Scheme – concordance tables between UDC and DDC; three hierarchical levels, 1.- 24 Conspectus divisions, 2.- 584 Conspectus categories, 3.- topical authority terms

15. M. Balikova, NL CRCyfrowość bibliotek i archiwów Warszawa, 2009 15 Uniform Information Gateway (UIG) - nation wide portal which unifies access to on-line library services in Czechia

16. M. Balikova, NL CRCyfrowość bibliotek i archiwów Warszawa, 2009 16

17. M. Balikova, NL CRCyfrowość bibliotek i archiwów Warszawa, 2009 17

18. M. Balikova, NL CRCyfrowość bibliotek i archiwów Warszawa, 2009 18 Topic map of library collections - an user-friendly subject access for inexperienced library users and for those who prefer to get information on documents location directly

19. M. Balikova, NL CRCyfrowość bibliotek i archiwów Warszawa, 2009 19 Digital library Kramerius - more than 6 mil. of scanned pages. The goal: to digitise and make accessible the periodicals and monographs comprising the national cultural heritage

20. M. Balikova, NL CRCyfrowość bibliotek i archiwów Warszawa, 2009 20 The metadata of digitised documents in the catalogue of NL CR contain subject access points integrated in Czech Subject Authority File, the metadata which form part of the Kramerius digital library contain UDC codes only

21. M. Balikova, NL CRCyfrowość bibliotek i archiwów Warszawa, 2009 21 Digital archive of Czech web resources which are collected with the aim of their long-term preservation Conspectus categories scheme (in Czech version only)

22. M. Balikova, NL CRCyfrowość bibliotek i archiwów Warszawa, 2009 22 Example of subject access data in full level record of WebArchiv digital collection with hyperlink to the original web page. For this the special Agreement is necessary

23. M. Balikova, NL CRCyfrowość bibliotek i archiwów Warszawa, 2009 23 Manuscriptorium - system for collecting and making accessible on the internet information on historical book resources, linked to a virtual library of digitised documents. Searches in Manuscriptorium database: provided by a variety of access points, like country, settlement, repository, author,place of origin, etc

24. M. Balikova, NL CRCyfrowość bibliotek i archiwów Warszawa, 2009 24 The European Library is a free service that offers access to the resources of the 48 national libraries of Europe in 35 languages Resources digital: books, posters, maps, sound recordings, videos, etc.; bibliographical Quality and reliability are guaranteed collaborating national libraries of Europe

25. M. Balikova, NL CRCyfrowość bibliotek i archiwów Warszawa, 2009 25 Search term: lesní moudrost Preferred form: woodcraft Query expansion by synonyms (variant form)

26. M. Balikova, NL CRCyfrowość bibliotek i archiwów Warszawa, 2009 26 Europeana - portal of European memory institutions collections Descriptive and subject access points - author, place, date of creation,etc. - are added by cooperating institutions.

27. M. Balikova, NL CRCyfrowość bibliotek i archiwów Warszawa, 2009 27 Czech Digital Library - concept covering digitisation, long- term preservation of and access to the entire national cultural heritage in digital form. The National Digital Library covers an important part of national cultural heritage and operates in the broader context of the Czech Digital Library

28. M. Balikova, NL CRCyfrowość bibliotek i archiwów Warszawa, 2009 28 Conclusion Traditional Knowledge Organization Systems used in Czechia can be applied in organization and management of both traditional and digital memory institutions collections. The controlled indexing languages (thesauri, subject heading systems) and classification systems are still very useful, even necessary. They serve both to professionals (specialists for knowledge organisation systems, librarians, archivists, and curators), and end-users as well. They are important for development of KOS based on semantic technologies and ontologies and support standardisation and harmonisation of terminology in specific domains

29. M. Balikova, NL CRCyfrowość bibliotek i archiwów Warszawa, 2009 29 Thank you!