1. Cell Structure Review
And Microscopes

2. What are the 3 parts to the cell theory???
All organisms are made of cells
The cell carries out the basic functions of life
All new cells arise from preexisting cells

3. Which scientists contributed to the Cell Theory?
Matthias Schleiden (Plant Cells)
Theodore Schwann (Animal Cells)
Rudolph Virchow (Cells come from pre-existing cells)

4. Follow up, he saw “boxes” under the microscope, which he termed…
This scientist observed cork cells…
Robert Hooke
Follow up, he saw “boxes” under the microscope, which he termed…
CELLS!

5. Prokaryotes Unicellular No Nucleus SIMPLE Carries out Life Functions
Examples: Archaeabacteria/Eubactera

6. LABEL IT!
Cell Wall
Cell Membrane
Ribosome
DNA

7. LABEL IT! Cell Membrane Cell Wall DNA Cell Wall Cell Membrane Ribosome
Ribosomes
DNA

8. Hint – Remember YOUkaryotic
Eukaryotes
Multi/unicellular
NUCLEUS IS PRESENT
Has membrane bound organelles (VERY COMPLEX)
Carries out Life Functions
Examples: Protists, Plants, Fungi, Animals
Hint – Remember
YOUkaryotic

9. Plant or Animal?
ANIMAL

10. plant
Plant or Animal?

11. Specialized structures that perform important functions within a eukaryotic cell.
Organelle!

12. Holds nearly all of the cell’s DNA, which has the coded directions for making proteins and other important molecules.
Can be thought of as the “control center” of the cell.
Surrounded by an envelope with many holes that allow materials to move into and out of the nucleus.
NUCLEUS

13. A small area within the nucleus where the ribosomes are SYNTHESIZED
Condensed section…
NUCLEOLUS

14. “Storage facility” of the cell
“Storage facility” of the cell. Large membrane sacs that can hold materials such as water (especially in plant cells), salts, proteins and sugars.
Smaller pouches that store and transport materials throughout the cell.
Vacuoles & Vesicles

15. Lysosomes “Clean-up crew” of the cell. (Trashcan)
Small organelle filled with enzymes that break down lipids, sugars and proteins into smaller molecules.
Lysosomes

16. Made up of many protein filaments running through the cytoplasm.
Gives the cell its shape, internal organization and helps organelles move throughout the cell
Cytoskeleton

17. Small structures that help to organize and coordinate cell division
Animals ONLY
Centrioles

18. CYTOPLASM Jello of the cell!
The fluid portion of the cell outside the nucleus.
All of the organelles are suspended within this!
CYTOPLASM

19. Ribosomes “Factory workers” of the cell. Made up of RNA.
Responsible for creating proteins based on the instructions provided by DNA
Smaller in Pro/Larger in Euk
Ribosomes

20. Endoplasmic Reticulum
“Assembly line” of the cell.
Organelle where lipid parts of the cell membrane are put together.
Rough and Smooth
Endoplasmic Reticulum

21. Of the rough and smooth ER this is the site of detoxification of drugs!
Specifically Makes lipids
SMOOTH ER

22. Assist with Protein Synthesis & Transport
What does the ROUGH ER do??
Assist with Protein Synthesis & Transport

23. GOLGI APPARATUS “Packaging center” of the cell.
Modifies, sorts and packages proteins from the ER.
Makes packages for storage in the cell or for release outside the cell.
PANCAKES OF THE CELL (YUM!)
GOLGI APPARATUS

24. CHLOROPLAST Chlorophyll FOLLOW UP – pigment found here?!?!?
Plant Cells ONLY
“Solar power plant”
Takes energy from sunlight and changes it into chemical energy the plant can use
FOLLOW UP – pigment found here?!?!?
CHLOROPLAST
Chlorophyll

25. MITOCHONDRIA POWER HOUSE OF THE CELL (ATP)
Converts chemical energy from food into energy the cell can more easily use
MITOCHONDRIA

26. CELL WALL Supports, shapes, protects the cell
Plants, prokaryotes, some fungi
CELL WALL

27. A strong, flexible barrier that controls what materials enter and leave the cell.
All cells have this
CELL MEMBRANE

28. Microtubules 1. Cytoskeleton 2. Flagella 3. Cilia 4. Centrioles
Hollow tubes composed of proteins which make up various structures in different types of cells.
Can be synthesized or broken down as needed.
1. Cytoskeleton
2. Flagella
3. Cilia
4. Centrioles
Follow up – WHAT ARE THE 4 TYPES WE DISCUSSED??!?

29. Cilia Flagella Cilia vs. Flagella
Tiny hairs
Aid in movement of protists
Move materials across the body
Surfaces in humans
Cilia line our RESPIRATORY tract
Help clear out debris with aid of mucus
Act as propellers and allow an organism to move
Long hair-like structure
Sperm Cells
Euglena

30. Cell Structure
Prokaryotic Cell *Bacteria
Eukaryotic PLANT cell *Elodea
Eukaryotic ANIMAL cell *Cheek Epi.
Cell Wall
Cell Membrane
Cytoplasm
Chromosomes (DNA/RNA)
Nucleus
Nucleolus
Mitochondria

31. Cell Structure
Prokaryotic Cell *Bacteria
Eukaryotic PLANT cell *Elodea
Eukaryotic ANIMAL cell *Cheek Epi.
Chloroplasts
Vacuoles/Vesicles
Lysosomes
Ribosomes
Smooth & Rough ER
Golgi Apparatus
Cytoskeleton
Centrioles