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1.3 Characteristics of Life
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1. Living things are made of cells
These units help to organize their materials.
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Examples of Cells Nerve cell Egg and sperm Red blood cell Fat cell
Cheek cell
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2. Living things reproduce
Why is this so important? How do plants reproduce? How do animals reproduce? Egg and sperm pollen Euglena separate
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Types of Reproduction Sexual Reproduction
Two parents unite to form a new organism Asexual Reproduction A single parent divides itself two produce offspring
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3. Living things are based on a universal genetic code (DNA).
All living things have the same bases (A, T, C, G) in their DNA-they are just in different order
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4. Living things grow and develop
Each organism has a pattern of growth and development characteristic of its species.
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5. Living things obtain and use materials and energy
Organisms take in energy and transform it to perform all of life’s activities. -metabolism -photosynthesis
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Metabolism = Combination of chemical reactions through which an organism builds up or breaks down materials.
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6. Living Things Respond to Their Environment
Eye spot (responds to light) All organisms respond to environmental stimuli. Nikon MicroscopyU Movie Gallery: Paramecium (Protozoan) Video No. 3
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Stimulus-Response A stimulus is a signal to which an organism responds.
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7. Living Things Maintain a Stable Internal Environment
The environment outside an organism may change, but regulatory mechanisms maintain an organisms’ internal environments within limits that sustain life. HowStuffWorks "Homeostasis"
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Homeostasis
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homeostasis The ability to maintain a relatively constant internal environment. EXAMPLES: body temp. Blood sugar levels Water levels pH
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Kidney used for water regulation
Gets rid of wastes
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8. Taken as a group, living things change over time.
Evolution
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BIG IDEAS IN BIOLOGY Science as a Way of Knowing: Observe Question
Experiment Research CHAPTER 1
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Interdependence in Nature
BIG IDEAS IN BIOLOGY Interdependence in Nature All forms of life are connected in the biosphere with the cycling of energy and matter CHAPTERS 3-6
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BIG IDEAS IN BIOLOGY Matter and Energy Matter needed for nutrients Energy needed to fuel life’s processes CHAPTER 2
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Organisms are made of one cell or many cells CHAPTER 7
BIG IDEAS IN BIOLOGY Cellular Basis of Life Smallest units of life Organisms are made of one cell or many cells CHAPTER 7
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BIG IDEAS IN BIOLOGY Information and Heredity
All life has a genetic code in DNA CHAPTERS 11-14
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BIG IDEAS IN BIOLOGY Unity and Diversity of Life
All life is made of carbon All life uses protein to build its structures All store genetic information CHAPTER 2
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BIG IDEAS IN BIOLOGY Evolution Living things change through time
Relationships of living things through 3.5 billion years CHAPTERS 15-17
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BIG IDEAS IN BIOLOGY Structure and Function
Structure design enabled function CHAPTER 7
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Br-r-r-r-r BIG IDEAS IN BIOLOGY Homeostasis Organisms must expend energy to maintain internal environment in the face of a changing external environment CHAPTER 35
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BIG IDEAS IN SCIENCE Science, Technology, and Society (STS) (‘should we’ questions) Mad Cow Disease Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Genetic Engineering Cloning p. 23, p. 253, p. 456, and more
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BRANCHES OF BIOLOGY
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PUT IN ORDER LARGEST TO SMALLEST
Biosphere Ecosystem Community Population Organism Organ Systems Organs Tissues Cells Molecules
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