1. Fischer/Genetic Genealogy Fischer Family Reunion July 27 to July 29, 2012 Lebanon, CT Presented by Craig Fischer Questions to cfischer@bellsouth.netcfischer@bellsouth.net

2. Genetic Genealogy What is it? –Exploration of our ancestral origins –Identify relationships between individuals –Can reveal information about your health –Can be used for forensic/legal purposes What it isn’t –Results do not include a family tree –Can’t directly determine the degree of relationship –Can relate to only a small % of your full genome

3. Genetic Genealogy How is it done? –Commercially available (e.g. www.ftdna.com)www.ftdna.com –Vigorous cheek swab to collect cells –Insert swab into preservative vial –Send to lab –Lab performs sophisticated, standardized testing of the cellular genetic material –Results provided and compared to extensive database of other individual test results

4. Genetic Genealogy Results –DNA sequence (genetic fingerprint) unique to the individual compromised of adenine, cytosine, guanine, and thymine nucleotides –Categories of patterns are called Haplogroups –One or multiple chromosomes are examined –Let’s focus on Chromosome 23 Y-DNA: The Y-chromosome is passed from father to son This will limit our analysis only to the male Fischers

5. Fischer Y-DNA Haplogroup I1 Over time, distinct haplogroups evolved as our ancestors migrated based on food sources, conflicts, and climate conditions These 20 haplogroups have been carefully linked, mapped, and historical migratory patterns and time frames identified Based on my Y-DNA assay, our shared male Fischer Y-DNA Haplogroup is I1

6. Fischer Y-DNA Haplogroup I1

7. Fischer Migration from “Adam”

8. Fischer Migration – Last Ice Age Pleistocene epoch - 70,000 – 12,500 yrs ago with Northern Germany under glaciers 18,000 yrs ago

9. Fischer Migration to Scandinavia

10. Fischer Haplogroup I1 today – Known most distant ancestors

11. Fischer Haplogroup I1 – Europe

12. Fischer Haplogroup I1 - USA

13. Craig’s Y-DNA 12 Marker Matches England – most numbers Norway/Sweden – Highest Frequency

14. Who is our closest unknown? Requires test results and database match Matches at 25 different Y-DNA markers No family tree information - Yet

15. And how far back is our shared Fischer Y-DNA common ancestor?

16. “Full” Genome Matching – “Family Finder” method at www.ftdna.comwww.ftdna.com Predictive database modeling of the frequency of common chromosomal segments to project/ID relationships Applicable to males and females Uses the entire genome except for sex- linked chromosome 23 (no mT- or Y-DNA) Categorizes as “Immediate”, “Close”, “Distant”, or “Speculative” Relatives

17. “Full” Genome Matching – Who?

18. How much chromosome matching?

19. Joaquin/Craig’s Matching Map cM = Centimorgan - a unit of genetic distance

20. Anderson/Craig’s Matching Map cM = Centimorgan - a unit of genetic distance

21. Summary Genetic genealogy (genetic fingerprinting) is a supplemental tool to traditional “family tree” mapping from the recent/limited written records Provides clues as to where to look Extends well beyond the written record back to human origins (“Adam”) Has other uses –Disease mapping – prospective and retrospective –Legal/forensic applications –Helps identify unknown relatives