1. CELLULAR RESPIRATION Chapter 9 Review

2. All of them; all living things need to make ATP for energy
Animals green plants Fungi humans bacteria
In which of these organisms would you expect to find cellular respiration happening?
All of them; all living things need to
make ATP for energy

3. Name the organelle where glucose is
Which 2 carriers for high energy electrons are used during cellular respiration?
NADH and FADH2
Name the organelle where glucose is
burned and the energy is stored as ATP
mitochondria

4. O2
Which molecule acts as the
last electron acceptor to
make water?

5. 3 How many carbons are in a Pyruvic acid molecule?
Give the overall equation for cellular respiration
6 O2 + C6H12O6 → 6 CO H2O + energy

6. Compare the equation for PHOTOSYNTHESIS
below with the equation for CELLULAR RESPIRATION
6 CO H2O + ENERGY → 6 O2 + C6H12O6
6 O2 + C6H12O6 → 6 CO H2O + ENERGY
Cellular respiration is the reverse of photosynthesis

7. Citric acid Name the 6 carbon molecule formed in this reaction
What happens to the Coenzyme A
after dropping off its 2 carbons?
Citric acid
Recycles back and picks up 2 more
carbons from pyruvic acid

8. The Krebs cycle is also called the _______________ cycle.
How many ATP’s are produced
from each molecule of glucose that
completes cellular respiration all the way through the Electron transport chain?
36 ATP’s are produced
The Krebs cycle is also called the
_______________ cycle.
Citric acid

9. Which pathway generates the most energy from glucose?
FERMENTATION CELLULAR RESPIRATION
Cellular respiration
Which stage of respiration generates
the most ATP?
ELECTRON TRANSPORT
Glycolysis = 2 ATP(net)
Krebs cycle = 2 ATP Electron transport chain = 32 ATP (net)

10. inner membrane (cristae)
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Identify the part:
A = ______________
B = ______________
C = ______________
D = ________________
E = ________________ E
Outer membrane
Intermembrane space
inner membrane (cristae)
matrix
cytoplasm

11. Give the chemical equation for Lactic acid fermentation
Pyruvic acid + NADH → lactic acid + NAD+
After glycolysis, which pathway will
pyruvic acid follow if oxygen is present?
It will enter the Krebs cycle

12. glycolysis Krebs cycle Identify the 3 stages of cellular respiration:
#1 = _____________
#2 = _____________
#3 = _____________
glycolysis
Krebs cycle
Electron transport chain
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13. False; both plants and animals have mitochondria
True or False
Only animal cells have mitochondria
False; both plants and animals have
mitochondria
How many carbons are in a glucose
Molecule?
6; C6H12O6

14. Cellular respiration begins with a pathway called ______________
Give the chemical equation for
alcoholic fermentation
Pyruvic acid + NADH → alcohol + CO2 + NAD+
Cellular respiration begins with a
pathway called ______________
glycolysis

15. Cycle through the Krebs cycle
Where will the citric acid that is produced here go next?
What will happen to the C’s in citric acid that came from Acetyl-CoA?
Cycle through the Krebs cycle
Released into atmosphere as CO2

16. Presence or absence of oxygen
After glycolysis, what determines which pathway pyruvic acid will follow?
Presence or absence of oxygen
Name the two kinds of fermentation
Lactic acid and alcoholic

17. False; only a net of 2 ATP and 2 NADH
True or False
Glycolysis releases a great deal of energy.
False; only a net of 2 ATP and 2 NADH
The 3 carbon molecule produced during
glycolysis is ________________
Pyruvic acid

18. Too much at once; most of the energy would be lost as light and heat
Why can’t the energy in glucose
be released in just one step?
Too much at once; most of the energy
would be lost as light and heat
Where does glycolysis take place?
In the cytoplasm outside the mitochondria

19. How many ATP’s must be added to get glycolysis started?
Why can glycolysis supply energy
to cells when oxygen is not available?
Glycolysis does NOT require oxygen

20. How many ATP’s are produced during glycolysis?
4 ATP’s are produced, but it took
2 ATP’s to get started so …
net of 2 ATP’s
What problem does a cell have when it
generates large amounts of ATP using
only glycolysis?
Once all the available NAD+ carriers are filled up & glycolysis will stop

21. Name the 3 pathways that make up cellular respiration in order.
Which molecule is regenerated during fermentation that allows cells to continue to make ATP using glycolysis when oxygen is low?
NAD+
Name the 3 pathways that make up
cellular respiration in order.
Glycolysis
Krebs cycle
Electron transport chain

22. D B E C Tell its location: Where Krebs cycle happens = ___
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Tell its location:
Where Krebs cycle happens = ___
Where is the Electron Transport Chain found = ___
H+ ions accumulate here
during electron transport = ___
Place where glycolysis
happens= ___ D C B E

23. Lactic acid fermentation
Type of fermentation used to make yogurt, cheese, saurkraut, kimchi, buttermilk, etc.
Lactic acid fermentation
The energy produced by electrons
passing down the Electron Transport
chain are used to move which ion into the intermembrane space?
H+ ions are pumped from the matrix and accumulate in the intermembrane space

24. Krebs cycle & Electron transport chain
Which parts of cellular respiration require oxygen?
Krebs cycle & Electron transport chain
Why is the Krebs cycle also called
the citric acid cycle?
Citric acid is the first compound formed
during the Krebs cycle

25. Which kind of fermentation puts the air holes in bread?
Alcoholic fermentation releases
CO2 bubbles which pop and leave
holes in the bread
What is the final electron acceptor
at the end of the Electron Transport
Chain?
oxygen

26. Alcohol evaporates during cooking
If alcoholic fermentation is what makes bread rise, why don’t we get intoxicated from eating the bread?
Alcohol evaporates during cooking
During short term exercise cells are using which pathway to provide energy?
Lactic acid fermentation cellular respiration
lactic acid fermentation

27. produced when pyruvic acid is broken down?
What happens to the CO2
produced when pyruvic acid is
broken down?
It is released into the atmosphere
What is the energy tally from
1 molecule of pyruvic acid during the
Krebs cycle?
4 NADH, 1FADH2 , and 1 ATP

28. A H+ Where is the intermembrane space in this diagram?
Which ion is moving across the
membrane at the purple arrows? A H+

29. Where will the pyruvic acid go next if oxygen is present?
Where will the NADH
produced in this
reaction go next
if oxygen is
present?
Where will the pyruvic acid go next if oxygen is present?
To electron transport chain
Into mitochondria and Krebs cycle

30. The movement of which ion across the inner mitochondrial membrane
Only about 38% of the energy in glucose is recovered during cellular respiration, what happens to the rest?
released as heat;
(doesn’t sound that good, but that’s more efficient than the typical car engine is at burning gasoline)
The movement of which ion across
the inner mitochondrial membrane
causes ATP synthase to spin and make
ATP? H+

31. Where does
the CO2
produced
here go next?
released to
the atmosphere

32. Reactions that happen without oxygen are called _____________________
1 Calorie = ________ calories
anerobic
1000

33. Which molecule do cells burn for energy once glucose and glycogen
Storage form of glucose used by
animal cells that supplies long term
energy needs
glycogen
Which molecule do cells burn for
energy once glucose and glycogen
are used up?
fat

34. Where does the Krebs cycle take place?
Mitochondrial Matrix
Where is the Electron Transport Chain located?
Inner mitochondrial membrane
(cristae)

35. Name the
4 products
of the Krebs cycle
CO2, NADH, FADH2, ATP

36. Which enzyme helper molecule reacts with pyruvic acid to
for Acetyl-CoA?
Coenzyme A OR CoA
On which side of the membrane is ATP produced during the
Electron Transport Chain reactions?
Mitochondrial matrix

37. What happens to pyruvic acid during the Krebs cycle?
It is broken down into carbon dioxide
in a series of steps
Because fermentation does NOT
require oxygen it is said to be
__________________
anaerobic

38. D- cellular respiration
A marathon runner needing energy for an EXTENDED PERIOD of time is getting his/her ATP from ___________________
A. photosynthesis
B. lactic acid fermentation
C. alcoholic fermentation
D. cellular respiration
D- cellular respiration

39. C- lactic acid fermentation
An athlete needing a QUICK BURST of energy for a 50 yard dash is getting his/her ATP from
A. cellular respiration
B. alcoholic fermentation
C. lactic acid fermentation
D. electron transport
C- lactic acid fermentation

40. Where does the ATP produced here go? to the Electron transport chain
the FADH2
produced
here go next?
Where does the ATP produced
here go?
to the Electron
transport chain
Used by cell for
cellular activities

41. a molecule of citric acid?
How many carbons are in
a molecule of citric acid? 6
During long term exercise, like a
marathon race or a soccer game, which
pathway is used by your muscles to
make ATP?
Cellular respiration

42. What happens to the NADH and FADH2
Because the Krebs cycle and
Electron Transport Chain REQUIRE
oxygen, they are said to be
_____________________
aerobic
What happens to the NADH and FADH2
produced during cellular respiration?
Their electrons enter the Electron Transport Chain

43. H+ Which ion is being pumped across the membrane at the purple arrows
during electron transport ?

44. 3
1 NADH carrier produces ___ ATP
from electron transport
Why does 1 molecule of FADH2 produce only 2 ATP during electron transport?
It comes in farther down the electron transport chain than NADH

45. How does the location of the Electron
Where does the Electron Transport Chain get the high energy electrons that are passed down the chain?
From NADH and FADH2
How does the location of the Electron
Transport Chain differ in eukaryotes
and prokaryotes?
In eukaryotes it is in the inner mitochondrial membrane; in bacteria the chain is in the cell membrane remember. . .no membrane bound organelles in bacteria!

46. What happens to the lactic acid produced during intense exercise?
it is broken down later when
oxygen is available
After glucose & glycogen stores are
used up, cells start to burn ________
for energy.
FAT

47. Name the reactants of cellular respiration
O2 and glucose (C6H12O6)
Name the products formed during cellular respiration
H20, carbon dioxide, energy (ATP)

48. Name the 4 products released during the Krebs cycle
Name this reaction
CO2, NADH, FADH2, ATP
glycolysis

49. How many carbon atoms are in a molecule of glucose?6
Name the stage of cellular respiration
that follows glycolysis
Krebs cycle

50. Where will the pyruvic acid go next if oxygen is NOT present?
Where does this
Reaction happen?
Where will the pyruvic acid go next if oxygen is NOT present?
In the cytoplasm
Stays in cytoplasm and does fermentation

51. Where is the matrix in this diagram?
The red molecule is the diagram is
__________________ B
ATP synthase

52. Another name for the inner membrane
in a mitochondrion is the ________.
What happens to the
CO2 produced in this
reaction?
cristae
Released into
atmosphere when we exhale
DIAGRAM BY RIEDELL

53. Name the pathway Electron transport glycolysis Electron transport
H+ ions and oxygen form water ________________
Lactic acid is formed in muscles ______________________
A glucose molecule is broken down
into 2 pyruvic acid molecules _______________________
H+ ions build up in the
intermembrane space _________________________
Citric acid is broken down
in a series of steps into CO2 _____________________
Electron transport
Lactic acid fermentation
glycolysis
Electron transport
Krebs cycle

54. Name the pathway Alcoholic fermentation Electron transport
Alcohol and CO2 are produced from pyruvic acid ______ ________________
Acetyl Co-A joins a 4 carbon
molecule to make citric acid ______________________
H+ ions pass from the intermembrane
space into the matrix to make ATP___________________
Oxygen acts as the last
electron acceptor and makes water____________________
Alcoholic fermentation
Krebs cycle
Electron transport
Electron transport

55. Where will the pyruvic acid go next if oxygen is present?
Where will the NADH
produced in this
reaction go next
if oxygen is
present?
Where will the pyruvic acid go next if oxygen is present?
To electron transport chain
Into mitochondria and Krebs cycle

56. Where will the pyruvic acid go next if oxygen is NOT present?
Where does this
reaction happen?
Where will the pyruvic acid go next if oxygen is NOT present?
In the cytoplasm
Stays in cytoplasm and does fermentation

57. Where will the pyruvic acid go next if oxygen is NOT present?
Where does this
Reaction happen?
Where will the pyruvic acid go next if oxygen is NOT present?
In the cytoplasm
Stays in cytoplasm and does fermentation

58. Released into atmosphere when we exhale What happens to the
CO2 produced in this
reaction?
Acetyl-CoA will join next with a
4 carbon molecule to make __________
Released into
atmosphere when
we exhale
Citric acid

59. What reaction
happens on the
matrix side of the
membrane when
ATP synthase spins?
A phosphate
is added to ADP
to make ATP