1. Cell Structure and Function
Chapter 4 review

2. 1) Which does NOT agree with part of the cell theory?
A) Insects are composed of cells.
B) Paramecia come from Paramecia.
C) Bacteria are the smallest possible organisms.
D) Minerals are important for good health.

3. 2) All of the following are components of the modern cell theory except
A) All living organisms are made up of one or more cells.
B) The smallest living organisms are single cells, and cells are the functional units of multicellular organisms.
C) All cells arise from pre-existing cells.
D) Bacterial cells are eukaryotic.

4. 3) What is not characteristic of a prokaryotic cell?
A) a plasma membrane
B) a nuclear membrane
C) ribosomes
D) enzymes

5. 4) Phospholipids A) are found in cell membranes
B) are completely hydrophilic
C) are completely hydrophobic
D) are made on the ribosomes

6. 5) The cells that line the intestine have highly folded plasma membranes on the absorptive surface of the intestine because
A) this will increase volume, making the cells more efficient.
B) this will increase surface area to volume ratio.
C) these cells are most likely active in secretion.
D) large amounts of plasma membrane will be needed for endocytosis.

7. 6) All cells possess all the following components EXCEPT
A) cytoplasm.
B) genetic material.
C) nuclear membrane.
D) plasma cell membrane.

8. 7) Regarding cell type, which one of the following is unlike the others?
A) the freshwater protist, Paramecium
B) cell of the green plant, Elodea
C) Streptococcus bacterial cell
D) a cell from a mushroom (a type of fungus)

9. 8) What is the meaning of the term "prokaryotic"?
A) "false nucleus"
B) "before the nucleus"
C) "true nucleus"
D) "small nucleus"
E) "before the cell"

10. 9) The cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells contains
A) water.
B) dissolved nutrients.
C) organelles.
D) all of the above

11. 10) Only eukaryotic cells obtain energy and nutrients from the environment.
True or false?

12. 11) Flagellated bacteria
A) can move internal organelles more efficiently than non-flagellated types.
B) can attach to host cells more effectively because of the flagella.
C) can move toward a favorable environment.
D) divide more quickly non-flagellated types.

13. 12) Membrane receptors are proteins that would be synthesized on ribosomes
A) on the rough endoplasmic reticulum
B) on the smooth endoplasmic reticulum
C) on the Golgi complexes
D) found in the cytoplasm

14. 13) Secreted proteins would be synthesized on ribosomes
A) on the rough endoplasmic reticulum
B) on the smooth endoplasmic reticulum
C) on the Golgi complexes
D) found in the cytoplasm

15. 14) A mutant plant cell with no chloroplasts
A) would still be green.
B) would still be able to convert carbohydrate to energy.
C) would still be able to capture energy as sunlight.
D) would synthesize new chloroplasts in the ER.

16. 15) Plastids are found in
A) bacterial cells.
B) plant cells.
C) animal cells.
D) A and B are both correct.

17. 16) The cytoskeleton is to the cell what
A) bones are to humans.
B) a frame is to a house.
C) a desk is to an office.
D) all of the above

18. 17) What primarily determines the shape of cells that lack cell walls?
A) nucleus
B) cytosol
C) endoplasmic reticulum
D) cytoskeleton

19. 18) Which organelle does one expect to be most abundant in cardiac muscle cells?
A) mitochondria
B) lysosomes
C) Golgi complexes
D) smooth ER

20. 18) A nucleolus is
A) an extra nucleus in the cell.
B) a darkly staining area in the nucleus where ribosomes are made.
C) an area where the nucleus is synthesized.
D) a membrane-bound organelle.

21. 20) The nuclei of eukaryotic cells are characterized by
A) a single-layered membrane.
B) one or more nucleoids.
C) a double membrane.
D) a non-porous membrane.

22. 21) If all the lysosomes within a cell suddenly ruptured, what could occur?
A) The macromolecules in the cell cytosol would begin to degrade.
B) The number of proteins in the cytosol would begin to increase.
C) The DNA within the mitochondria would begin to degrade.
D) The mitochondria and chloroplasts would begin to divide.

23. 22) Cells that primarily produce steroid hormones, such as testosterone and estrogen, for export have large quantities of
A) cytoplasmic ribosomes.
B) smooth endoplasmic reticulum.
C) plasma membranes.
D) hydrolytic enzymes

24. 23) Ribosomes are the site of synthesis of
A) DNA.
B) RNA.
C) proteins.
D) nucleoli.

25. 24) The Golgi packages materials into ________ for transport or export.
A) organelles
B) plastids
C) vesicles
D) microns

26. 25) How does a cell rid itself of defective or malfunctioning organelles?
A) They are engulfed by plastids and stored until export from cell is possible.
B) Defective parts accumulate until the cell itself dies.
C) Lysosomes assist in the removal of defective organelles by digesting them.
D) Ribosomes play a significant role in the removal of malfunctioning parts by absorbing the parts.

27. 26) What is the function of a plant cell vacuole?
A) storage of wastes
B) support of the cell
C) excretion of wastes
D) A and B

28. 27) Which of the following is NOT TRUE about both mitochondria and chloroplasts?
A) Both are capable of ATP synthesis.
B) Both capture the energy of sunlight to meet metabolic demands.
C) Both possess their own DNA.
D) Both are surrounded by a double membrane.

29. 28) Which organelle extracts energy from food molecules and stores it in the high-energy bonds of ATP?
A) mitochondrion
B) chloroplast
C) ribosome
D) centriole

30. 29) Which of the following is capable of converting light energy to chemical energy?
A) chloroplasts
B) mitochondria
C) amyloplasts
D) vacuoles

31. 30) A cell has the following molecules and structures: enzymes, DNA, ribosomes, plasma membrane, and mitochondria. It could be a cell from
A) a bacterium.
B) an animal, but not a plant.
C) a plant, but not a animal.
D) a plant or animal.

32. 31) Prokaryotic as well as eukaryotic cells possess
A) mitochondria.
B) chloroplasts.
C) a cytoskeleton.
D) ribosomes.

33. 32) Which is a difference between prokaryotes and eukaryotes?
A) Prokaryotes have RNA, eukaryotes have DNA.
B) Prokaryotes have DNA, eukaryotes have RNA.
C) Prokaryotes have a nucleus, eukaryotes have a nucleoid.
D) Prokaryotes have a nucleoid, eukaryotes have a nucleus.

34. 33) Which of the following correctly identify components that are the same in both plant cells and bacterial cells?
A) nucleus, DNA, plasma membrane, ribosomes
B) cytoplasm, endoplasmic reticulum, DNA, plasma membrane, ribosomes
C) cytoplasm, DNA, plasma membrane, ribosomes
D) cytoplasm, nucleolus, DNA, plasma membrane