3. THE
CELL
THEORY

4. All living things
are made of
cells.

5. Cells come
from other
cells.

6. The parts of a cell act like the organs of the body
The parts of a cell act like the organs of the body. That is why they are called organelles (little organs).

9. Cells are surrounded by a cell membrane
Cells are surrounded by a cell membrane. It surrounds the cell to protect it and allows some materials to enter and leave the cell.

10. Cell membrane

11. The jellylike stuff in the cell is called the cytoplasm

12. Cell membrane
Cytoplasm

13. Cells have a nucleus. Surrounding the nucleus is the nuclear membrane
Cells have a nucleus. Surrounding the nucleus is the nuclear membrane. Inside the nucleus are the chromosomes (DNA, genes). The chromosomes control the rest of the cell and pass on characteristics to the offspring.

14. Cell membrane
Cytoplasm
DNA
Nucleus

15. The endoplasmic reticulum, abbreviated ER, carries material through the cell. Sometimes it has ribosomes (rough ER) and sometimes it doesn’t have ribosomes (smooth ER).

16. Cell membrane
Cytoplasm
DNA
Nucleus
Endoplasmic
reticulum

17. The ribosomes make the proteins that the cell needs
The ribosomes make the proteins that the cell needs. They make what the DNA tells them to make.

18. Cell membrane
Cytoplasm
DNA
Nucleus
Ribosomes
Endoplasmic
reticulum

19. The Golgi bodies are flattened sacs where the proteins that the ribosomes made are put together so that they can be used by the cell.

20. Cell membrane
Cytoplasm
DNA
Nucleus
Ribosomes
Golgi body
Endoplasmic
reticulum

21. The lysosomes contain digestive enzymes that break down worn-out cell parts, food that the cell has taken in, or invaders like bacteria.

22. Lysosome Cell membrane Cytoplasm DNA Nucleus Ribosomes Golgi body
Endoplasmic
reticulum

23. Vacuoles hold stuff for the cell
Vacuoles hold stuff for the cell. They can hold water, food, or anything that the cell takes in.

24. Lysosome Cell membrane Cytoplasm DNA Nucleus Ribosomes Golgi body
Vacuole
Endoplasmic
reticulum
Vacuolar membrane

25. The mitochondria get the food that has already been broken into small pieces by the lysosomes. The mitochondria break all the rest of the bonds.

26. Remember, when a bond is broken, energy is released
Remember, when a bond is broken, energy is released. The mitochondria are called the “Powerhouses” of the cell because they give the cell its energy.

27. Lysosome Cell membrane Cytoplasm DNA Nucleus Mitochondria Ribosomes
Golgi body
Vacuole
Endoplasmic
reticulum
Vacuolar membrane

28. Animal cells have two centrioles. These work when the cell divides.

29. Lysosome Cell membrane Cytoplasm DNA Centrioles Nucleus Mitochondria
Ribosomes
Golgi body
Vacuole
Endoplasmic
reticulum
Vacuolar membrane

30. Animal cells have many different methods of movement.
Cilia are short, hairlike structures used for movement. There are usually many cilia.

31. Lysosome Cell membrane Cytoplasm DNA Centrioles Nucleus Cilia
Mitochondria
Ribosomes
Golgi body
Vacuole
Endoplasmic
reticulum
Vacuolar membrane

32. Flagella are long, whiplike tails used for movement
Flagella are long, whiplike tails used for movement. There are usually only a few flagella on a cell.

33. Flagella Lysosome Cell membrane Cytoplasm DNA Centrioles Nucleus
Mitochondria
Ribosomes
Golgi body
Vacuole
Endoplasmic
reticulum
Vacuolar membrane

34. Plant cells are rectangular
Plant cells are rectangular. When you look at plant cells under a microscope, they look like a brick wall.

35. Plant cells have a cell wall which surrounds the cell membrane
Plant cells have a cell wall which surrounds the cell membrane. They also have chloroplasts which give the plant its green color and lets the plant make food.

36. Chloroplasts trap light energy and put it into bonds
Chloroplasts trap light energy and put it into bonds. That is how energy gets into our food.

37. Ribosomes Endoplasmic reticulum Lysosome Cytoplasm DNA Cell Wall
Golgi body
Lysosome
Vacuole
Vacuolar membrane
Mitochondria
DNA E E
Cell Wall
Nucleus
Chloroplasts
Cell membrane

38. 4. 2. 3. 16. 15. (little pieces) 5. 14. (line) 6.(dots) 13. (circle)
1. Type of cell 4. 2. 3.
16.
15. (little pieces) E 5.
14. (line)
6.(dots)
13.
(circle)
12.
11.
10.
7. (maze)
(line) 9. 8.

39. 17. Type of cell 6. (dots) 2. 7. (maze) 3. 15. 14. 13. 18. 12.
19. (green)
10.
11. 9.
16. (inside line)
20. What is in #10?