1. Cell Organelles and their Functions

2. Cells Cells are the basic unit of all living things.
IF IT IS ALIVE, IT HAS CELLS!
Cell Theory:
All organisms are made up of one or more cells
The cell is the basic unit of all organisms
all cells come from cells

3. Two Types of Cells

4. This is a prokaryotic cell
Is a single celled organism that does not have a nucleus or membrane bound organelles.
Its DNA is locked in the cytoplasm.

5. Comparing Prokaryotic to Eukaryotic Cells

6. Parts in common
Cell Membrane
Cytoplasm
Organelles
DNA

7. Four “Classes” of Eukaryotic Cells
There are 4 classes of eukaryotic cells. Will only discuss 2; Plant & Animal cells -
Plant cells
Animal Cells

8. Cell Differentiation
Each kind of cell has a DIFFERENT job to do…it is specialized.
I’m a Prison Cell! 
I am a heart cell!
I am a skin cell

9. Levels of Organization

10. Cell organelles and their functions

11. When you hear the new vocabulary, just think of a TURTLE!

12. Cell Membrane
The cell membrane holds the cell together and allows nutrients into the cell.
It’s just like a turtle’s skin - the cell membrane is on the edge of a cell.

13. Cytoplasm
Cytoplasm is the watery gel (Jello!) inside a cell….it’s goop! It holds the ORGANelles.
Cytoplasm is like the turtles blood and other liquids.

14. Mitochondria
Mitochondria is an ORGANelle that releases energy from food.
Every type of cell has a different amount of mitochondria. There are more mitochondria in cells that have to perform lots of work, for example - your leg muscle cells. Other cells need less energy to do their work and have less mitochondria.
Mitochondria is like a turtle’s stomach.

15. Nucleus The nucleus controls the cell.
It is the largest organelle in the cell and contains the cell’s DNA.
The nucleus is like the turtle’s brain.

16. Nucleolus
Inside the nucleus is another organelle called the nucleolus.
It is responsible for making ribosomes.
It is similar to all the neuron pathways inside a turtle’s brain.

17. Chromosomes
Chromosomes are inside the nucleus and are made of genes (DNA).
Genes decide the cells traits and activities (heart cell, eye cell - such as color).

18. Nuclear Membrane
The nuclear membrane allows substances to pass in and out of the nucleus.
It surrounds the nucleus (the brain) like the turtle’s skull…protects it.

19. Vacuoles
Vacuoles are spaces in the cytoplasm (gel) where food and chemicals are stored
It’s like “fat” on a turtle
I am NOT fat…I’m just a little plump!!

20. Endoplasmic Reticulum
It is a network of membranes throughout the cytoplasm of the cell.
It helps to move materials around the cell.
It is much like the blood vessels throughout a turtle.

21. Golgi apparatus
It is organelle in the cell that is responsible for sorting and correctly shipping the proteins produced in the ER.
The Golgi apparatus are stacks of membrane-covered sacs.
They also package proteins to be moved out of the cell.
It’s like the digestive system of a turtle.  

22. Vesicles
It is a small sac that surrounds material to be moved into or out of a cell

23. Ribosomes Organelles that help in the synthesis of proteins.
Some ribosomes are found in the cytoplasm, but most are attached to the endoplasmic reticulum. While attached to the ER, ribosomes make proteins that the cell needs and also ones to be exported from the cell for work elsewhere in the body.

24. Lysosomes Lysosomes function as the cell's recycling compartment.
Lysosomes contain digestive chemicals that help break down food molecules, wastes, and worn out cell parts.
It’s similar to the turtle’s digestive system!
The lysosomes are stained RED!

25. Cell Wall Cell Walls are only in plant cells
They make the cell strong and rigid
They are like a turtle’s shell (but only plants have them…that’s why grass stands straight up!)

26. Chloroplasts Chloroplasts are only in plant cells
They contain chlorophyll, which helps make energy/food from sunlight
Chlorophyll is green in color.
I’m green…do I have chloroplasts?

27. What’s the Difference?
So what are two things that Plant cells have that animal cells don’t? ?
Chloroplasts, vacuoles, & Cell Walls

28. Now, let’s review… Cell Membrane Cell Wall Chloroplasts
Chromosomes Nuclear Membrane Nucleus
Mitochondria Cytoplasm Vacuoles