1. CELL
STRUCTURE
& FUNCTION
NOTES 1

2. A. CELL THEORY 1) All living things are made of one or more cells.
2) Cells are the basic unit of structure and function in living things.
3) Living cells come only from other living cells. 2

3. B) Two Types of Cells: 1) EUKARYOTIC CELLS: 2) PROKARYOTIC CELLS:
These cells have a nucleus.
Nucleus is a membrane covered organelle that holds the DNA.
Examples are plant and animal cells.
2) PROKARYOTIC CELLS:
These cells DO NOT have a nucleus.
DNA exists in loops that floats freely in the cell.
An example is bacteria 3

4. Eukaryotic Cell
Prokaryotic Cell 4

5. C) COMPARING TWO EUKARYOTIC CELLS:
ANIMAL CELL VS. PLANT CELL
No Cell wall
Cell wall
Small Vacuoles
Large Vacuoles
Large
No Chloroplasts
Chloroplasts 5

6. D) SOME CELL TERMS & STRUCTURES:
1) ORGANELLES:
tiny organs in the cell.
2) CYTOPLASM:
fluid filling inside the cell membrane.
makes up the majority of cell’s mass. 6

7. Endoplasmic Reticulum
Cell membrane
Vacuole
Golgi Body
Nucleus
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Nucleolus
Mitochondrion
Lysosome 7

8. controls movement of materials into and out of the cell
3) CELL MEMBRANE
controls movement of materials into and out of the cell
holds cell together
Animal Cell
Cell membrane 8

9. Cell membrane made of special lipids called “phospholipids”
Animal Cell 9

10. One phospholipid molecule.10

11. A model of a section of phospholipid molecules that make up the cell membrane.11

12. Cell membrane
Animal Cell 12

13. 4) CYTOSKELETON 5) CELL WALL found in animal cells.
it is a protein “framework” inside the cell that gives the cells their shape.
5) CELL WALL
found in plant cells not animal cells
provides strength and support for plant cells.
made of cellulose (long chains of sugar molecules) 13

14. Cell wall
Plant Cell
Cell membrane 14

15. E) ORGANELLES OF CELLS:
1) Nucleus:
the control center of the cell
stores DNA
(a) nucleolus - dark spot inside the nucleus, which makes ribosomes. 15

16. (c) DNA - stores information for making proteins
(b) nuclear membrane - controls movement of materials in and out of nucleus.
(c) DNA - stores information for making proteins 16

17. Animal Cell
Nucleus
DNA
Nucleolus
Nuclear membrane 17

18. 2) RIBOSOME
tiny grain like particles usually found along the E.R.
proteins are made here
Ribosome
Proteins
Amino acids 18

19. Close as you get to a real picture of a Ribosome
Close as you get to a real picture of a Ribosome. It is made of RNA and protein. 19

20. 3) Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER):
makes lipids
the delivery system of the cell for compounds such as proteins through its tubular connections. 20

21. Endoplasmic
reticulum
Ribosomes
Animal Cell 21

22. Mitochondria 4) Mitochondria: the “Power House” of the cell
Outer membrane
Inner membrane
4) Mitochondria:
the “Power House” of the cell
releases energy packets of ATP for use in the cell. 22

23. Mitochondria
A real picture of a mitochondrion. Spelling of word ending is –ion for singular and –ia for plural 23

24. More mitochondria
Mitochondria 24

25. Chloroplast 5) Chloroplast: “Solar Panels” for capturing energy
Outer membrane
Inner membrane
5) Chloroplast:
“Solar Panels” for capturing energy
they use energy from sunlight to make food in plant cells (i.e. glucose). 25

26. Real picture
of Chloroplasts 26

27. More pictures of real Chloroplasts
The green round structures are chloroplasts 27

28. Chloroplast
Vacuole
Plant Cell
Mitochondria
Cell
membrane 28

29. Animal Cell Plant Cell Vacuole 6) Vacuole: “Storage Tanks” of the cell
store water, food and waste. 29

30. Golgi complex 7) Golgi body:
Animal Cell
7) Golgi body:
packages and transports materials out of the cell. 30

31. Lysosome 8) Lysosome: “Clean-up and Recycling Crew”
Vesicle with food
Animal Cell
Lysosome
8) Lysosome:
“Clean-up and Recycling Crew”
digest food particles, wastes, cell parts, and foreign invaders. 31

32. More pictures of Lysosomes32

33. Summary of organelles and their functions33

34. Pictures of different cells
Pictures of different cells. These are cells from inside the cheek of your mouth. 34

35. White Blood Cells
Red Blood Cells 35

36. This is a Plant Cell found in many fish aquariums36

37. A Neuron is a nerve cell that is part of our nervous system.37

38. This shows different types of muscle cells which make up muscle fiber.38