2. PowerPoint ® Lecture Slide Presentation by Patty Bostwick-Taylor, Florence-Darlington Technical College Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings PART B 3 Cells and Tissues: Cells

3. Cell size comparison Bacterial cell Animal cell  micron = micrometer = 1/1,000,000 meter  diameter of human hair = ~20 microns most bacteria  ___________ eukaryotic cells  _______________

4. Why study cells? Cells  Tissues  Organs  Bodies – ____________________________

5. Anatomy of the Cell Cells are _________________________ All cells share general structures All cells ________________________ – _____________________ – _______________________ Figure 3.1a

6. Nucleus Function – _______________________________ – ______________________ instructions for building proteins Structure – _______________________ – nucleolus _______________________ – chromosomes DNA

7. Function – __________________________ – ___________________________ _______________________________________ – recognizes signals from other cells allows communication between cells Structure – double layer of _________ ________________________ – receptor molecules proteins that _______________________ Cell membrane lipid “tail” phosphate “head”

8. Plasma Membrane Figure 3.2

9. Ribosomes on ER Ribosomes Function – ___________________________ – read instructions to build ________________________ Structure – ___________________________ – some __________________________________

10. Plasma Membrane Specializations Membrane junctions – Tight junctions __________________________ Bind cells together into _________________________ – Desmosomes Anchoring junctions that prevent cells from being pulled apart – Gap junctions ________________________ between cells

11. Cytoplasm Cytoplasm is the material outside the nucleus and inside the plasma membrane Contains three major elements – Cytosol ________________________________ – Organelles ________________________________________ “__________________” that perform functions for the cell – Inclusions Chemical substances such as stored nutrients or cell products

12. lysosome  food digestion  garbage disposal & recycling cell membrane  cell boundary  controls movement of materials in & out  recognizes signals cytoplasm  jelly-like material holding organelles in place vacuole & vesicles  transport inside cells  storage mitochondria  make ATP energy from sugar + O 2

13. Function – __________________________________ ________________________________ fuels the work of life Structure – __________________ Mitochondria in both animal & plant cells ATP

14. Mitochondria – make energy from sugar + O 2 _________________________ ___________________________ Chloroplasts – make energy + sugar from sunlight photosynthesis __________________________ – ATP = _____________________ – sugar = ___________________ » build leaves & roots & fruit out of the sugars Plants make energy two ways! ATP sugar ATP

15. Mitochondria are in both cells!! animal cells plant cells mitochondria chloroplast

16. Function – _______________________ helps complete the ________________________ builds them – makes membranes Structure – ___________________ ribosomes attached works on proteins – _____________________ makes membranes Endoplasmic Reticulum

17. transport vesicles vesicles carrying proteins Function – _________________________________ like ______________________________ – shipping & receiving department – ships proteins in ________________ “UPS trucks” Structure – ______________________ Golgi Apparatus

18. Lysosomes small food particle vacuole digesting food lysosomes Function – ______________ used to make energy – _______________ digest broken organelles Structure – membrane sac of digestive enzymes digesting broken organelles

19. A Job for Lysosomes 15 weeks 6 weeks

20. Cytoplasmic Organelles Peroxisomes – ____________________________________ Detoxify harmful substances such as alcohol and formaldehyde Break down ________________________________ – Replicate by pinching in half

21. Vacuoles & vesicles Function – _________________ around cell – __________ Structure – ________________ small food particle vesicle vacuole filled w/ digestive enzymes vesicle filled w/ digested nutrients

22. cell membrane  cell boundary  controls movement of materials in & out  recognizes signals cytoplasm  jelly-like material holding organelles in place vacuole & vesicles  transport inside cells  storage

23. Cytoplasmic Organelles Cytoskeleton – Network of protein structures that extend throughout the cytoplasm – Provides _________________________________ Figure 3.7a

24. Figure 3.7b–d Cytoplasmic Organelles Cytoskeleton – Three different types of elements ____________________ Intermediate filaments _____________________

25. Cytoplasmic Organelles Centrioles – Rod-shaped bodies made of microtubules – Direct the formation of mitotic spindle during cell division

26. DNA RNA ribosomes endoplasmic reticulum vesicle Golgi apparatus vesicle protein on its way! protein finished protein Making Proteins TO: nucleus

27. Cellular Projections Not _________________________________ Used for movement – ___________________________________ Located in the respiratory system to move mucus – ________________________________ The only flagellated cell in the human body is sperm