1. Cellular Respiration The process of turning the energy stored in food (glucose specifically) into ATP

2. 3 Steps 1. Glycolysis = Takes place in the cytoplasm (cytosol) 2. Krebs Cycle = Takes place in the mitochondria. 3. Electron Transport Chain = Takes place in the mitochondria.

3. 1. Glycolysis Starting Molecule = Glucose = C 6 H 12 O 6 Converted into 2 Pyruvate = C 3 H 3 O 3 Hydrogen ions from breakdown of glucose are bonded to NAD + to form NADH (an electron carrier). NADH transported to electron transport chain. Process makes 4 ATP. 2 are used to split glucose. Net Gain = 2 ATP

5. 2. Krebs Cycle Starting Molecule = 2 pyruvate molecules. 2 hydrogen atoms and 1 carbon atom are removed from each pyruvic acid to form Acetyl CoA. Hydrogens are bonded to NAD + and FAD 2 + to make NADH and FADH 2 (Electron Carriers). NADH and FADH 2 are transported to electron transport chain. Carbon bonds with 2 oxygens (from breakdown of pyruvic acid and acetyl CoA) to form CO 2 CO 2 is picked up by the blood and released from the body by respiration (breathing) Net Gain = 6 ATP’s

7. 3. Electron Transport Chain Oxygen enters into the membrane of the mitochondria by respiration (breathing). NADH and FADH 2 enter into the membrane. Hydrogen atoms are released from the electron carriers and bond to the oxygen to form water. Water is removed by respiration. Net Gain = 24-26 ATP’s

9. Overall Formula Glucose = From Food. Oxygen = From Breathing. Enzymes = From Digestive System. CO 2 = From Breakdown of Pyruvic Acid. H 2 O = From bonding Hydrogen and Oxygen.

10. Warm Blooded Animals = Very inefficient at harvesting energy from food. Only 40% of glucoses energy is used to make ATP. Other 60% is lost as body heat. Cold Blooded Animals = Very efficient at harvesting energy. 100% of glucoses energy is used to make ATP.