1. My Baby’s Daddy “Little 2pac” http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Xvzlglfgcuk

2. Destiny's Child Soldier A rude boy that's good to me, wit street credibility If his status ain't hood I ain't checkin' for him Betta be street if he lookin' at me I need a soldier That ain't scared to stand up for me Lyrics http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EpT5aMnYT2I

3. Sexual Access to Females as a Motivation For Joining Gangs: An Evolutionary Approach Presentation By: Unique Cramer Palmer, C.T., Tilley, C.F. (1995). Journal of Sex Research Vol.32, November 1995. pp. 213-217

4. What is a Gang? A youth gang is a self-formed association of peers, bound together by mutual interests, with identifiable leadership, well-developed lines of authority, and other organizational features, who act in concert to achieve a specific purpose or purposes Palmer, C.T., Tilley, C.F. (1995). Journal of Sex Research Vol.32, November 1995. pp. 213-217

5. Evolutionary Approach to Gang Involvement Genes that contribute to psychological mechanisms that increase inclusive fitness become more frequent in future generations Men have evolved to desire many sexual partners – Attracted to females that are in or near their fertility peak period of reproductive value – Willing to take the greatest risks to gain sexual access to females when in competition with other males Palmer, C.T., Tilley, C.F. (1995). Journal of Sex Research Vol.32, November 1995. pp. 213-217

6. Anecdotal Evidence Gang Involvement and Access to Females “The gang seemed to control the things I wanted. I was kind of a dork when I was in elementary school. I was really into my studies, and I didn’t get involved in any stuff that the gang was doing. But then I began to see that they had the girls,…” Palmer, C.T., Tilley, C.F. (1995). Journal of Sex Research Vol.32, November 1995. pp. 213-217

7. Hypothesis One motivation for young males to join gangs is an increase in sexual access to females. Palmer, C.T., Tilley, C.F. (1995). Journal of Sex Research Vol.32, November 1995. pp. 213-217

8. Methods Participants – Core population of 120 males ٭ 57-gang members, 63- non-gang members Measures – how many sex partners in the last thirty days prior to the interview Procedure – Computer coded print out showing the presence or absence of gang affiliation and sexual contacts in the last thirty days prior to interview Palmer, C.T., Tilley, C.F. (1995). Journal of Sex Research Vol.32, November 1995. pp. 213-217

9. Results Palmer, C.T., Tilley, C.F. (1995). Journal of Sex Research Vol.32, November 1995. pp. 213-217 Gang Members had consistently more partners than non- Gang members, except when it came to only having one partner.

10. Discussion Gangs and sexual access – Confirmed hypothesis – Future research Look at larger samples and examine the sexual behavior of gang members of various ethnic backgrounds, who live in different geographical locations Palmer, C.T., Tilley, C.F. (1995). Journal of Sex Research Vol.32, November 1995. pp. 213-217

11. Critical Review Strengths – Inclusion of evolutionary psychological theory and publication – Not just anecdotal evidence but quantitative evidence Weaknesses – Too small of a sample – Age of participants is not indicated Palmer, C.T., Tilley, C.F. (1995). Journal of Sex Research Vol.32, November 1995. pp. 213-217

12. Questions for the Class ٭ Given what you’ve heard about male youth in gangs, what do you think are the motivations for females to become gang members? ٭ Do you think that the immediate environment (home) or the media has more of an influence on gang involvement?