1. Post War Tensions

2. Learning Objective: Define and identify the cultural clash of the 1920s as it was expressed in the Klan revival, the Scopes Trial, Sacco and Venzetti Case, Palmer Raids, and the Red Scare

4. Conditions When Soldiers Returned Home: No plan to put soldiers back into peacetime Led to unrest, turmoil, and threat of communism

6. Labor Unrest: Workers - after improved working conditions and pay, saw bargaining power decrease with men returning home 1919 - over 4 million workers went on strike Didn’t have much public support; ended up with decreased amount of strikes in early 1920s due to lack of success

8. Distrust of Immigrants and Labor: People are afraid of a revolution –Blamed communist threat on immigrants and radical labor leaders of trying to take over the U.S.

9. Palmer and “Red Scare” Palmer, attorney general, was convinced of a revolutionary conspiracy Shipped Russian immigrants back home, jailed others for no reason Little public resistance - few people spoke out again Palmer “Red Scare” - symptom of tension in society already unsettled by war and demobilization - needed scapegoats

11. Sacco and Vanzetti Case Sacco and Vanzetti - accused of robbery Been active in protests against Palmer and were active anarchists Trial convicted them, both died in the electric chair on Aug. 23,1927 **Possible example of how the red scare killed innocent people**

13. Black Movement: Struggling after war Marcus Garvey - leader for the blacks –Wanted a “Back to Africa” movement which failed, but still left impressions –Got other people talking about the “New Negro”

15. Nativists’ Groups (ex: Ku Klux Klan) Groups that believed that “Natives” (white protestants) should control society Led to time of rampant intolerance and hatred of Blacks, Jews, Catholics, and Foreigners 1921 and 1924 = severe immigration restrictions against Italians, Russians, and Slavic People

17. Creation vs. Evolution Debate Traditionalists believed the reason for destroyed faith in Bible was Charles Darwin’s Evolution Theory John Scopes - science teacher who was arrested for teaching evolution; defended by Clarence Darrow; trial became known as the “Monkey Trial” End result was Scopes ended up being convicted after admitting he broke the law *example of religious intoleration*

19. Results of the early 1920s: Censorship (result of the red scare) Rise of the KKK Rise of anti-evolution feelings Government Response: –“Hands off” approach; let society work it out –Desire to return to “normalcy”

20. WIO: 1920s Tensions Draw two symbols that demonstrate the intolerance of the 1920s. Briefly explain your symbols.