1. Peonies and Viruses Indexing Nancy L. Robertson Research Plant Pathologist USDA-ARS Arctic & Subarctic Plant Gene Bank Palmer, Alaska Alaska Peony Growers Conference Jan. 27-28, 2011

2. VIRUSES & PEONIES Alfalfa mosaic virusAlfalfa mosaic virus –2003 Italy Cucumber mosaic virusCucumber mosaic virus –2010 France Tomato spotted wilt virusTomato spotted wilt virus –????? USA Tobacco rattle virusTobacco rattle virus –1976 Japan Raspberry ringspot virusRaspberry ringspot virus –1985 Finland Strawberry latent ringspot virusStrawberry latent ringspot virus –1985 Finland

3. Geographical Confirmation of Tobacco rattle virus in Peony Japan 1976Japan 1976 –Cheng et al. New Zealand 1978New Zealand 1978 –Jones & Young China 1990China 1990 –Ningshen & Yunfeng Lithuania 2000Lithuania 2000 –Samuitiene & Navalinskiene Alaska 2009Alaska 2009 –Robertson et al.

4. Peony Plots 2007

5. Symptoms: ringspots on leaves

9. Tobacco rattle virus isolate from peony isolate from peony RT-Polymerase chain reaction assay Genomic Sequence of Virus for Definitive Identification Wide Plant Host RangeWide Plant Host Range > 400 Species

10. TRV NEMATODE VECTOR Paratrichodorus minor Nematode feeding on root hair University of Florida

11. LEAF MATERIAL PCR TOTAL NUCLEIC/ TOTAL RNA MINIPURIFICATIONS MINIPURIFICATIONS SAP INOCULATIONS HOST RANGE ELECTRONMICROSCOPY PROTEIN GENOMERNA ELISA WESTERN SEQUENCING

12. Control Viruses Obtain Certified Virus-Free StocksObtain Certified Virus-Free Stocks Maintain Healthy StocksMaintain Healthy Stocks Visual InspectionVisual Inspection –Elimination of Affected Plant Control Insect & Nematode VectorsControl Insect & Nematode Vectors

13. Virus Elimination  Heat Therapy of Affected Plant  Eliminates Viruses  Meristem Tip Culture  Cryotherapy/Thermotherapy  Propagation of Virus-Free Peony Seedlings

14. Dr. Loretta Winton Gail Wright (STUDENT WORKER) Dr. Patricia Holloway THANKS TO COLLABORATORS