1. Lubricants Russia 2007 Moscow, November 28, 2007 Dr. Georg Lingg High-Tech Lubricants for a World in Transition Engine Oils: >Zinc-Free Low SAPS Engine Oil Technology Industrial Lubricants: >New Phenomena in Hydraulic Systems Metalworking: >Replacement of Chlorinated Paraffins in Fine Blanking Operations >Cold Extrusion without applying Conversion Layers (Bondering) Steel Cold Rolling: >Synthetic Cold Rolling Emulsions

2. Lubricants Russia 2007 Moscow, November 28, 2007 Dr. Georg Lingg Zn-Free Low SAPS Engine Oils: Formulation Technology Zn-free – Why? Generally reduced ash formation -> better engine and AT devices cleanliness, higher efficiency for aged engines Or: at equal ash formation -> more options for more important performance improvements: e. g. cleanliness, better wear protection, higher oxidation stability Impact on morphology of ash (hard/soft): e. g. injection nozzles Higher oxidation stability Better anti-wear protection Improvement of fuel economy Minimizing chemical interactions with AT devices: e. g. DeNOx (Oxi-Cat, SCR)

3. Lubricants Russia 2007 Moscow, November 28, 2007 Dr. Georg Lingg Source: Gas engine oil field test with Ganymet Plus Sulfated/oxide ashes Sulfated/oxide ashes Ca-sulfated/oxide are softer and are removed “easier” during normal operation from injector nozzle, piston crown as well as from cylinder head than Zn-sulfate/oxide! Ca-Sulfated/Oxide ashes are like “gypsum” soft Lead to less wear Ca/Zn-Sulfated/Oxide ashes are like “ore” hard Lead to more wear Zn-Free Low SAPS Engine Oils: Impact on Morphology of Ash

4. Lubricants Russia 2007 Moscow, November 28, 2007 Dr. Georg Lingg GFC-Test: 170°C Oil Temp. + 10 L/h Synthetic air Zn-Free Low SAPS Engine Oils: Viscosity Development at 100°C

5. Lubricants Russia 2007 Moscow, November 28, 2007 Dr. Georg Lingg GFC-Test: 170°C Oil Temp. + 10 L/h Synthetic air Zn-Free Low SAPS Engine Oils: TAN Development

6. Lubricants Russia 2007 Moscow, November 28, 2007 Dr. Georg Lingg VW-TDI 85kW Pump-injector (PD) The activated tappet ( 56 Co, 57 Co) Online measurement Procedure (140 h): Breaking-in, Speed sequence, Polycyclic endurance run, Speed sequence Ash free (0 Zn) anti-wear protection works very effectively against high pressure wear during mixed friction Zn-Free Low SAPS Engine Oils: Wear Control Optimization in RNT

7. Lubricants Russia 2007 Moscow, November 28, 2007 Dr. Georg Lingg Fuel consumption in M111FE Test (Reference RL 191 SAE 15W-40) CandidatesVis. grade HTHSSaving SAEmPas% Pkw HM A10W-404,21,15 Containing Zinc Pkw HM B5W-303,51,7 Containing Zinc Pkw HM C0W-302,92,7 Containing Zinc LS 3 Pkw5W-303,52,14 Zinc-free LS 6 Pkw5W-303,052,62 Zinc-free LS 7 Pkw0W-303,053,09 Zinc-free Zn-Free Low SAPS Engine Oils: Diesel Fuel Consumption Optimization

8. Lubricants Russia 2007 Moscow, November 28, 2007 Dr. Georg Lingg Hydraulic Fluids: Filtration of Zn and Ash Free Hydraulic Fluids Multi-Pass Filterability Test Results for Different Zn Free Hydraulic Fluids: 1 % water (8.7 l/min, 65°C, 100 bar, 15 l volume, 3µm/6µm) All Products fulfill DIN 51524-3 for HLP Hydraulic Fluids

9. Lubricants Russia 2007 Moscow, November 28, 2007 Dr. Georg Lingg Hydraulic Fluids: Electrostatic Charges - Zn containing - Zn free, high treat - Zn free, low treat - R + O

10. Lubricants Russia 2007 Moscow, November 28, 2007 Dr. Georg Lingg Hydraulic Fluids: Micro Scratching Pistons without Micro Scratches Pistons with Micro Scratches Zn free - high performance Zn free – low performance

11. Lubricants Russia 2007 Moscow, November 28, 2007 Dr. Georg Lingg Synthetic Cold Rolling Emulsions: Control of Particle Size Particle Size important to achieve high strength in the oil film. O/W emulsionW/O emulsion Particle Size important to keep oil consumption under control

12. Lubricants Russia 2007 Moscow, November 28, 2007 Dr. Georg Lingg Synthetic Cold Rolling Emulsions: Plate Out and Sheet Cleanliness

13. Lubricants Russia 2007 Moscow, November 28, 2007 Dr. Georg Lingg Synthetic Cold Rolling Emulsions: BAO Steel - Lubricity performance Forces 8 % lower 8% higher production

14. Lubricants Russia 2007 Moscow, November 28, 2007 Dr. Georg Lingg Synthetic Cold Rolling Emulsions: Sidmar - Cleanliness out of BAF 82,5 83,0 83,5 84,0 84,5 85,0 85,5 86,0 86,5 87,0 87,5 88,0 % Cleanliness 20032004-2005 (w3)2005 (w3-15) Sidmar BAF Scotch Tape HNX Scotch H2 Scotch

15. Lubricants Russia 2007 Moscow, November 28, 2007 Dr. Georg Lingg - 3.5 % lower Energy Consumption Synthetic Cold Rolling Emulsions: Sidmar - Lubricity performance 12-13 % lower Rolling Forces in Stands 2 and 3

16. Lubricants Russia 2007 Moscow, November 28, 2007 Dr. Georg Lingg Chlorine-Free Fine Blanking: Pin-on-Disc: Chlorinated Oil test time / s radial force / normal force

17. Lubricants Russia 2007 Moscow, November 28, 2007 Dr. Georg Lingg Chlorine-Free Fine Blanking: Pin-on-Disc: Phosphorus-Sulfurous based Oil test time / s radial force / normal force

18. Lubricants Russia 2007 Moscow, November 28, 2007 Dr. Georg Lingg Chlorine-Free Fine Blanking: Pin-on-Disc: New Technology test time / s radial force / normal force

19. Lubricants Russia 2007 Moscow, November 28, 2007 Dr. Georg Lingg Chlorine-Free Fine Blanking: Comparison of Friction Traces Chlorin. oil PEP/S oil New oil

20. Lubricants Russia 2007 Moscow, November 28, 2007 Dr. Georg Lingg Bonder-Free Cold Extrusion: Cup Drawing: Various Formulations hydraulic oil Oil 3.1 Oil 3.3 bonderized Oil 3.2 press capacity / kN punch way / mm

21. Lubricants Russia 2007 Moscow, November 28, 2007 Dr. Georg Lingg Bonder-Free Cold Extrusion: No Bondering of Workpiece, New Lubricant and Tool Coating raw material formed with MoS 2 (after cleaning) formed with oil 3.2 or 3..1 (without cleaning)