1. PowerPoint® Presentation by Jim Foley © 2013 Worth Publishers Developing Through the Lifespan

2. Module 13: Developmental Issues, Prenatal Development, and the Newborn

3. Where do babies come from? A.The stork brings them B.I’ve really been wondering about that. C.Well, when 2 people meet at Cattle Annie’s…. D.This is a matter of bees and birds.

4. In the beginning: Sperm and egg unite to bring genetic material together and form one organism: the zygote (the fertilized cell). Conception

5. Cell differentiation begins when the prenatal organism is a(n): A. zygote. B. fetus. C. embryo. D. single cell.

6. The Zygote Stage: First 10 to 14 Days  After the nuclei of the egg and sperm fuse, the cell divides in 2, 4, 8, 16, 100, 1000…  Milestone of the zygote stage: cells begin to differentiate into specialized locations and structures Prenatal Development Implantation: The Embyro, 2 to 8 weeks  This stage begins with the multicellular cluster that implants in the uterine wall.  Milestone of the implantation stage: differentiated cells develop into organs and bones Embryo

7. The Fetus At nine weeks, hands and face have developed; the embryo is now called a fetus (“offspring”). Placenta At 4 months, many more features develop. Milestone of the fetal stage: by six months, the fetus might be able to survive outside the womb

8. Fetal Life: The Dangers Dangers Teratogens (“monster makers”) are substances such as viruses and chemicals that can damage the developing embryo or fetus. Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS) refers to cognitive, behavioral, and body/brain structure abnormalities caused by exposure to alcohol in the fetal stage.

9. Fetal life: Responding to Sounds  Fetuses in the womb can respond to sounds.  Fetuses can learn to recognize and adapt to sounds that they previously heard only in the womb.  Fetuses can habituate to annoying sounds, becoming less agitated with repeated exposure.

10. Which of the following babies is the oldest? A.Jordan, who is a blastocyst. B.Nell, who has reached the age of viability. C.Horace, who is more sensitive to teratogens at this stage than at any other stage. D.Yolanda, who is a zygote.

11. After the fetal period, the child is born!

12. Inborn Skills Newborns have reflexes to ensure that they will be fed.  The rooting reflex--when something touches a newborn’s cheek, the infant turns toward that side with an open mouth.  The sucking reflex can be triggered by a fingertip.  Crying when hungry is the newborn talent of using just the right sounds to motivate parents to end the noise and feed the baby. Reflexes are responses that are inborn and do not have to be learned. The Competent Newborn

13. More Inborn Abilities  Newborns (one hour old!) will look twice as long at the image on the left.  What can we conclude from this behavior?