1. Reproduction, Pregnancy, and Development
Chapter 18
Reproduction,
Pregnancy,
and
Development
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2. FALSE—sperm are made in the testes
ANSWERS
FALSE—sperm are made in the testes
TRUE
FALSE—most cases of testicular cancer occur among men aged
FALSE—testosterone is the primary hormone in males.
FALSE—women typically only produce & release one mature egg each month.
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3. Reproduction, Pregnancy, and Development
Chapter 18
Reproduction,
Pregnancy,
and
Development
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Contents
Section 1 Male Reproductive System
Section 2 Female Reproductive System
Section 3 Pregnancy and Early Development

4. Male Reproductive System
Reproduction, Pregnancy, and Development
Chapter 18
Section 1
Male Reproductive System
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5. State the role of the male reproductive system.
Chapter 18
Section 1 Male Reproductive System
Objectives
State the role of the male reproductive system.
Describe the function of each of the organs of the male reproductive system.
Summarize four problems that can occur with the male reproductive system.
List five things a male can do to keep his reproductive system healthy.
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6. What the Male Reproductive System Does
Chapter 18
Section 1 Male Reproductive System
What the Male Reproductive System Does
Produce sperm
Deliver sperm to the female reproductive system
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7. Chapter 18 VOCABULARY: Sperm: sex cells produced in the testes
Section 1 Male Reproductive System
VOCABULARY:
Sperm:
sex cells produced in the testes
needed to fertilize an egg
Fertilization:
the process by which a sperm and an egg and their genetic material join to create a new human life.
Testes (testicles):
male reproductive organs
produce sperm and testosterone
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8. Chapter 18 VOCABULARY: Testosterone: the major male sex hormone
Section 1 Male Reproductive System
VOCABULARY:
Testosterone:
the major male sex hormone
regulates body changes during puberty
influences sperm production
Scrotum:
a sac containing the testes
muscles in the scrotum move the testes closer to or further from the body to regulate temperature
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9. Chapter 18 VOCABULARY: Penis:
Section 1 Male Reproductive System
VOCABULARY:
Penis:
urine exits the body through the penis via the urethra
delivers sperm to the female reproductive system
sperm from the testes travel through the epididymis and the vas deferens
in the vas deferens, sperm mixed with fluids to make semen
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14. Keeping the Male Reproductive System Healthy
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15. Chapter 18 Keeping the Male Reproductive System Healthy
Section 1 Male Reproductive System
Keeping the Male Reproductive System Healthy
Know the symptoms of testicular cancer. Look for:
unusual lumps
swelling
feeling of heaviness, pain or discomfort in your scrotum or abdomen
If you notice any of these symptoms, tell your parents and see a doctor right away.
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16. Female Reproductive System
Reproduction, Pregnancy, and Development
Chapter 18
Section 2
Female Reproductive System
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17. Section 2 Female Reproductive System
Chapter 18
Objectives
State the role of the female reproductive system.
Describe the function of each of the organs of the female reproductive system.
Describe the changes in the body during the menstrual cycle.
Summarize four problems that can occur with the female reproductive system.
List five things a female can do to keep her reproductive system healthy.
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18. Chapter 18 What the Female Reproductive System Does Produce eggs
Section 2 Female Reproductive System
Chapter 18
What the Female Reproductive System Does
Produce eggs
Provide a place to support and nourish a developing baby
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19. Chapter 18 VOCABULARY: Ovaries:
Section 2 Female Reproductive System
Chapter 18
VOCABULARY:
Ovaries:
female reproductive organs that produce:
EGGS
the hormones ESTROGEN and PROGESTERONE
Estrogen regulates body changes during puberty.
Estrogen and progesterone are involved in:
regulating monthly cycles
the changes that take place in the body during pregnancy
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20. Chapter 18 VOCABULARY: Eggs (ova):
Section 2 Female Reproductive System
Chapter 18
VOCABULARY:
Eggs (ova):
Sex cells produced by the female reproductive organs, called ovaries.
Eggs are already formed in a female’s ovaries when she is born.
Females are born with all of the eggs they will ever have. They do not make more.
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21. Chapter 18 VOCABULARY: Vagina:
Section 2 Female Reproductive System
Chapter 18
VOCABULARY:
Vagina:
female reproductive organ that connects the outside of the body to the uterus
receives sperm during reproduction
the part of the birth canal through which a baby is delivered
Urethra:
carries urine out of the body from the bladder
located above and separate from the vagina
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22. Chapter 18 VOCABULARY: Uterus:
Section 2 Female Reproductive System
Chapter 18
VOCABULARY:
Uterus:
provides a place to support a developing baby
eggs travel from the ovaries to the uterus through the fallopian tubes
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24. Chapter 18 How the Menstrual Cycle Works
Section 2 Female Reproductive System
Chapter 18
How the Menstrual Cycle Works
Prior to ovulation, the lining of the uterus thickens to prepare to support a growing human during pregnancy.
Menstruation:
the breakdown and discharge of the uterine lining out of the vagina.
occurs if a released egg is not fertilized
lasts on average 3 to 7 days
average menstrual cycle lasts 28 days
Ovulation usually occurs on the 14th day
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28. Keeping the Female Reproductive System Healthy
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29. Keeping your reproductive system healthy
BOYS
GIRLS

30. Chapter 18 Keeping the Female Reproductive System Healthy
Section 2 Female Reproductive System
Chapter 18
Keeping the Female Reproductive System Healthy
Know the signs of breast cancer.
Be aware of any unusual lumps in your breasts.
If you detect any lumps, tell your parents and see a doctor right away.
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31. Pregnancy and Early Development
Reproduction, Pregnancy, and Development
Chapter 18
Section 3
Pregnancy and Early Development
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32. Chapter 18 Objectives Describe how a human life begins.
Section 3 Pregnancy and Early Development
Chapter 18
Objectives
Describe how a human life begins.
Summarize how a baby develops during the three trimesters of pregnancy.
Identify five things a couple can do to stay healthy before and during pregnancy.
Summarize four problems that can occur during pregnancy.
Describe the stages of childbirth.
List three changes that occur during early childhood development.
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33. Chapter 18 How Life Begins Sexual intercourse:
Section 3 Pregnancy and Early Development
Chapter 18
How Life Begins
Sexual intercourse:
The reproductive process in which the penis is inserted into the vagina and through which a new human life may begin.
Inside the vagina, sperm travel through the cervix, into the uterus and then the fallopian tubes, where fertilization normally occurs.
After fertilization, the zygote travels to the uterus and embeds in the uterine wall.
The developing human in the first 8 weeks of development is called an embryo.
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34. Chapter 18 How a Baby Develops PLACENTA:
Section 3 Pregnancy and Early Development
Chapter 18
How a Baby Develops
PLACENTA:
an organ that develops inside the uterus
provides a developing baby with nutrients and removes waste
UMBILICAL CORD:
connects the embryo to the placenta
Carries blood supply and nutrients to the baby
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35. How a Baby Develops (1st trimester)
Section 3 Pregnancy and Early Development
Chapter 18
How a Baby Develops (1st trimester)
Embryo grows rapidly.
By the 4th week:
heart starts beating
arm and leg buds appear
eyes and brain start to develop
By the end of the first trimester, all the major body parts and organs have formed.
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36. How a Baby Develops (2nd trimester)
Section 3 Pregnancy and Early Development
Chapter 18
How a Baby Develops (2nd trimester)
Beyond the first trimester, the developing baby is called a fetus.
In the second trimester, the organs continue to develop.
By 4 months, the mother can feel the fetus move or kick.
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37. How a Baby Develops (3rd trimester)
Section 3 Pregnancy and Early Development
Chapter 18
How a Baby Develops (3rd trimester)
By the end of the second trimester:
facial features are apparent
you can see if the fetus is male or female.
In the third trimester, the fetus gains most of its weight.
At the end of 9 months, the baby is born.
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38. Chapter 18 Keeping Healthy Before and During Pregnancy
Section 3 Pregnancy and Early Development
Chapter 18
Keeping Healthy Before and During Pregnancy
Avoid alcohol, tobacco, caffeine, and other drugs. All of these will adversely affect the developing baby.
Maintain a nutritious diet.
Take prenatal vitamins prescribed by a doctor.
Get regular, moderate amounts of exercise.
Have medical conditions evaluated by a doctor.
Schedule prenatal care visits throughout the pregnancy.
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43. Early Child Development
Section 3 Pregnancy and Early Development
Chapter 18
Early Child Development
The first year is the fastest period of physical growth after birth.
By the end of one year, most babies begin walking and talking.
In the second and third years, babies become more socially independent, may have temper tantrums, and become toilet trained.
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