2. Tutorial: Physics Topic: Oils of combustion engines Prepared by : RNDr. Ondřej Jeřábek Projekt Anglicky v odborných předmětech, CZ.1.07/1.3.09/04.0002 je spolufinancován Evropským sociálním fondem a státním rozpočtem České republiky.

3. Oils of combustion engines

4. Significance of lubrication:  Reduction of friction between moving and stationary engine parts  Conservation of combustion engine’s parts  Cooling of some combustion engine’s parts  Minimize wear of combustion engine’s parts Use of lubrication: Compression ignition engines, spark ignition engines, 4-stroke engines, 2-stroke engines

5.  Mineral oils  They are made by distillation of petroleum  Polo synthetic oils  They are the most common  It is made by mixing mineral and synthetic oils  It contains at least 20% of synthetic part  Synthetic oils  They are made by extraction of element suitable for lubrication of petroleum  High quality oil types

6.  Viscous classification  Viscosity – resistance against liquid flowing  Labelling: 15W40  15 – Winter viscous index  The lowest number - the most suitable is oil for winter traffic  W – Winter  Oil suitable for winter traffic  40 – Summer viscous index  The higher number - the most suitable is oil for working in higher temperatures

7.  Productivity standard  It considers lubricating oil abilities and qualities as a complex unit.  Labelling: SJ  S – engine type(S – spark ignition engines, C – compression engines, T – 2-stroke engines)  J – Oil quality– the further letter it is in alphabet, the higher quality oil it is

8.  European standard of oil quality  Oils are labelled by the combination of letters and numbers  Spark-ignition engines – A, compression engines– B, lorries– E

9.  Petrol engines  A1 – elementary efficiency level for modern petrol engines  A2 – standard engine oils for modern petrol engines  A3 – high-oil quality for modern petrol engines  Diesel engines for cars  B1 – elementary efficiency level for modern diesel engines  B2 – standard engine oils for modern diesel engines  B3 – high – quality oils for modern diesel engines  B4 – engine oils for diesel engines of cars with straight squirt  Diesel engines for lorries  E1 – elementary efficiency level for modern diesel engines  E2 – standard engine oils for modern diesel engines  E3 – high – quality oil for modern diesel engines  E4 – engine oils for engines complying emission rules EURO 2 and EURO 3, along with the possibility of extreme extensions of exchange intervals

10. Petrol engines A1 – elementary efficiency level for modern petrol engines A2 – standard engine oils for modern petrol engines A3 – high quality oils for modern petrol engines Diesel engines for cars B1 – elementary efficiency level for modern diesel engines B2 – standard engine oils for modern diesel engines B3 – high quality oils for modern diesel engines B4 – engine oils for diesel engines of cars with direct squirt Diesel engines for lorries E1 – elementary efficiency level for modern diesel engines E2 – standard engine oils for modern diesel engines E3 – high quality oils for modern diesel engines E4 – engine oils for engines complying emission rules EURO 2 and EURO 3, along with the possibility of extreme extensions of exchange intervals

11.  Some producers use their own standards for oils evaluation  VW 500.00 (petrol engines) – corresponds to ACEA A3  VW 501.01 (petrol engines) - corresponds to ACEA A2  VW 505.00 (diesel engines) - corresponds to ACEA B3  Extension of exchange- model 2000 (it is not for eastern Europe):  VW 503.00 (petrol engines) - 30000 km or 2 years  VW 506.00 (diesel engines) - 30000 km or 2 years for common cars, 50000 km or 2 years for personal cars  W 505.01 (diesel engines) - 15000 km or 1 year

12.  Explain the meaning of standards:  API  SAE

13.  Explain the term of viscosity  Explain the following standard marking SAE: 10W30

14.  JAN, Zdeněk; ŽDÁNSKÝ, Bronislav ; ČUPERA, Jiří. Automobily 1. Brno : Avid, 2004. 211 s.  JAN, Zdeněk; ŽDÁNSKÝ, Bronislav ; ČUPERA, Jiří. Automobily 2. Brno : Avid, 2004. 120 s.  JAN, Zdeněk; ŽDÁNSKÝ, Bronislav ; ČUPERA, Jiří. Automobily 3. Brno : Avid, 2004. 220 s.  JAN, Zdeněk; ŽDÁNSKÝ, Bronislav ; ČUPERA, Jiří. Automobily 4. Brno : Avid, 2004. 350 s. Translation:  www.seznam.cz www.seznam.cz  www.slovnik.cz www.slovnik.cz  JANATA, Petr. Handy slovník technický anglicko-český a česko-anglický. Plzeň: Nakladatelství Fraus, 2000. ISBN 80-7238-075-3  Lingea LEXIKON 5, Technický slovník anglicko-český a česko-anglický. 2010.