1. For Lecture 3 Exam
The whole test is matching. Be able to match the following with their description:
Virulence factors/enzymes
The three hemolysis patterns
Disease terms
Toxins
Match the disease to the organism
Know which diseases have which vectors (invertebrates PPT)

2. Virulence Factors Enzymes Adhesins (to adhere)
β lactamase (deactivates penicillins)
Ribosylase (causes diarrhea)
Catalase
Coagulase (causes blood clots)
Staphylokinase (dissolves blood clots)
Streptokinase (dissolves blood clots)
IgA or IgG protease (deactivates Ab’s)
Hyaluronidase (can move thru tissues)
SOD (superoxide dismutase; deactivates WBC lysosomes)
Adhesins (to adhere)
Invasins (to get into cells)
Endotoxin (LPS, LOS, and Lipid A)
Exotoxins
Cytotoxins (kills cells)
Enterotoxin (GI upset)
Neurotoxins (disrupts nerves)
H Ag (flagella allows motility)
K Ag (capsule)
Angiotrophic ability (pulls blood vessels close)
Facultative intracellular pathogens (can survive with and without O2)
MDR plasmids (genetic drug resistance)
PG (prostaglandins; promotes inflammation)

3. Hemolysis Hemolysin Patterns:
 (alpha hemolysis; partially breaks down RBC membranes. Turn blood agar green)
 (beta hemolysis; completely ruptures RBCs. Turns blood agar clear)
 (gamma hemolysis is no RBC lysis; no color change on blood agar)

4. Disease Terms Furuncle (boil; infected hair follicles)
Carbuncles (mass of boils)
Cellulitis/ soft tissue infections.
Scalded Skin Syndrome  exfolatin toxin from Staph aureus
Necrotizing Faciitis: destroys muscle and fat tissue
Toxic Shock: Bacteremia (bacteria in blood) and multisystem failure
Enterointoxication (enterotoxin-mediated diarrhea). This is Dz, not infection.
Pneumonia (fluid in the lungs)
Osteomyelitis (bone infection). Requires 6-8 weeks of iv antibiotics
Renal Abscess  infarcts (seeds from renal artery, forms abscess, clots blood beyond that site)
Endocarditis (heart valve infection) --> destruction of valve --> blood clot forms, breaks off, travels as a septic embolism

5. Outer membrane
Peptidoglycan
GRAM NEGATIVE
GRAM POSITIVE

6. ENDOTOXINS (GRAM NEGATIVE ONLY)
O Antigen
LPS
Inner plasma membrane
Cell Wall
Lipid A (endotoxin)
Outer plasma membrane
LPS
(LOS is LPS with a smaller O antigen)

7. Bacteria list Gram Positive Rods Gram Positive bacteria
Bacillis cereus
Bacillis anthracis
Clostridium perfringins
Clostridium difficile
Clostridium botulinum
Clostridium tetani
Listeria
Proprionibacterium acnes
Corynebacterium diptheriae
Nocordia asteroides
Actinomyces israelii
Acid-fast bacteria
Mycobacterium tuburclulosis
Mycobacterium leprae
Non-acid-fast, non-gram staining
Mycoplasma pneuomoniae
Gram Positive bacteria
Gram Positive Cocci
Staphylococcus
S. aureus
S. haemolyticus
S. epidermidis
S. saprophyticus
Streptococcus
Group A (Strep. Pyogenes)
Group B (Streptococcus agalactiae)
Group D (Enterococcus faecalis)
Viridins (Steptococcus pneumoniae)

8. Exotoxins and their classification
Cytotoxins
Verotoxin (Shigella-like toxin; E. coli EHEC)
AB toxin (Kills colon epithelium; E. coli EHEC)
Toxic Shock Syndrome toxin (Staph aureus)
Exfolatin (Scalded Skin Syndrome; Staph aureus)
Necrotizing Fasciitis Toxin (group A Strep)
Anthrax
Diphtheria
Pertussis and tracheal cytotoxin
Enterotoxins
Neurotoxins
Botulism
Tetanus

9. Gram positive exotoxins (no endotoxins)
Staphylococcus aureus
Clostridium difficile
Clostridium perfringens
Clostridium botulinum
Clostridium tetani
Bacillus cereus
Bacillus anthracis
Corynebacterium diphtheriae
Cytotoxins (TSS, NF, exfolatin), Neurotoxin, Enterotoxin
Cytotoxin, Enterotoxin
Cytotoxin, Enterotoxin
Neurotoxin (botulism toxin)
Neurotoxin (Tetanus toxin)
Enterotoxin
Cytotoxin (Anthrax toxin)
Cytotoxin (Diphtheria toxin)

10. What Diseases do these cause?
Gram Positive bacteria
Gram Positive Cocci
Staphylococcus
S. aureus
S. haemolyticus
S. epidermidis
S. saprophyticus
Streptococcus
Group A (Strep. Pyogenes)
Group B (Streptococcus agalactiae)
Group D (Enterococcus faecalis)
Viridins (Steptococcus pneumoniae)
Food poisoning, scalded skin syndrome, impetigo, folliculitis, furuncles, toxic shock, bacteremia, endocarditis, pneumonia, osteomyelitis, MRSA
Skin infections
Wound and internal fixation devices infections
UTI
Strep throat, Scarlet fever, Impetigo, Toxic Shock Syndrome, Necrotizing fasciitis, Rheumatic fever
neonatal sepsis and meningitis in infants
Nosocomial infections
Pneumonia, meningitis, endocarditis, cavities, sinus and ear infections

11. What Diseases do these cause?
Gram Positive Rods
Bacillis cereus
Bacillis anthracis
Clostridium perfringins
Clostridium difficile
Clostridium botulinum
Clostridium tetani
Listeria
Proprionibacterium acnes
Corynebacterium diptheriae
Nocordia asteroides
Actinomyces israelii
Acid-fast bacteria
Mycobacterium tuburclulosis
Mycobacterium leprae
Non-acid-fast, non-gram staining
Mycoplasma pneuomoniae
Food poisoning
anthrax
Food poisoning, gas gangrene
Diarrhea from antibiotics, pseudomembranous colitis
Botulism
Tetanus
Food poisoning
acne
Diphtheria
Pneumonia, wounds, CNS infections
Maxillary osteomyelitis, human bite wounds
Tuberculosis
Hansen’s disease
Walking pneumonia

12. Gram Negative Bacteria
Not Enterobacteriaceae
Enterobacteriaceae
Neisseria gonorrhea and meningitis
Vibrio cholerae
Helicobacteri pylori
Haemophilus influenzae
Bordetella pertussis
Francisella tularensis
Brucella
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Rickettsia spp
Chlamydia spp
Legionella
Bartonella spp
Pasturella multocida
E. coli
Enterobacter aerogenes
Klebsiella pneumoniae
Proteus vulgaris
Serratia marcescens
Campylobacter jejuni
Salmonella typhi
Shigella dysenteriae
Yersinia enterocolitica and pestis
NOTE: All of the organisms on this slide are rods except Neisseria, which are cocci (diplococci).

13. Spirochetes
Treponema pallidum
Borelia burgdorferi

14. E. coli strains/serotypes
most normal flora E. coli are non-pathogenic in intestinal tract
pathogenic strains:
EPEC (enteropathic)
ETEC (enterotoxic)
EHEC (enterohemorrhagic)
EIEC (enteroinvasive)
EAEC (enteroaggregative)
UPEC (uropathogenic)

15. What Diseases Do These Cause?
Enterobacteriaceae
E. coli
Enterobacter aerogenes
Klebsiella pneumoniae
Proteus vulgaris
Serratia marcescens
Campylobacter jejuni
Salmonella typhi
Shigella dysenteriae
Yersinia enterocolitica
Yersinia pestis
Diarrhea, septicemia, UTI
Diarrhea, pneumonia, septicemia
Pneumonia, septicemia
UTI, diarrhea, nosocomial wound infections
UTI, wound infections (catheters), pink grout
Diarrhea from poultry, sick puppies; septicemia
Diarrhea and typhoid fever; feces on food, raw chicken, reptiles
Bloody diarrhea from human feces
Diarrhea; lymph node inflammation
Bubonic (black) plaque

16. What Diseases Do These Cause?
Neisseria gonorrhea
Neisseria meningitis
Vibrio cholerae
Helicobacteri pylori
Haemophilus influenzae
Bordetella pertussis
Francisella tularensis
Gonorrhea
Meningitis
Cholera
Stomach and duodenal ulcers
Meningitis (infants), conjunctivitis, STD, endocarditis
Whooping cough, kennel cough in dogs
Rabbit Fever

17. What Diseases Do These Cause?
Brucella
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Rickettsia spp
Chlamydia spp
Legionella
Bartonella spp
Pasturella multocida
Undulant fever, abortions
Infects ulcers and burns, cellulitis, otitis
Rocky Mt spotted fever, endemic and epidemic typhus
STD and trachoma
Legionnaires’ disease (pneumonia)
Carrion's disease, Trench Fever, Cat Scratch Fever
Bird Cholera

18. Vectors and their Diseases
Organism
Disease
Vector
Francisella tularensis
Tularemia (“Rabbit Fever”)
Dermacentor ticks (hard tick) and deer flies
Rickettsia rickettsii
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever
Ticks
Rickettsia typhi
Endemic typhus
Fleas
Rickettsia prowazekii
Epidemic typhus
Lice
Bartonella bacilliformis
Carrión’s Disease
Sand flies
Borrelia burgdorferi
Lyme Disease
Ixodes ticks (hard tick)
Borrelia recurrentis 
Epidemic Relapsing Fever
Borrelia hermsii 
Endemic Relapsing Fever
Ornithodoros (Soft tick)
Yersinia pestis
Bubonic plague