1. Presented by: Wosen Gezahegn, Amref Health Africa- Ethiopia
Knowledge, Attitude & Practice on Hygiene and Sanitation Among Communities in Urban Slum Areas; The Case of Gullele Sub City, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Presented by: Wosen Gezahegn,
Amref Health Africa- Ethiopia

2. Out line Introduction Objective Methodology Result Conclusion
Recommendation

3. Introduction
The World Health Organization estimates that, worldwide, there are 884 million people without access to a safe water supply.
It’s hard to believe that diarrhoea caused by dirty water, poor sanitation and bad hygiene kills more children than malaria, measles and HIV/AIDS combined.
Globaly 4 out of 10 people lack access to something as basic as a clean toilet.

4. Introduction cont…
In Africa, 312 million people do not have access to an improved drinking-water source
533 million people in Africa, do not have access to an improved sanitation facility.
The Ministry of health of Ethiopia set an ambitious target to achieve 100 per cent sanitation coverage in both rural and urban areas of the country by 2015.

5. According to Ethiopian DHS 2011
Introduction cont…
According to Ethiopian DHS 2011
Proportion of population using an improved drinking water source 50.8% ( Urban 92.8% , Rural 41.6%)
Proportion of population using an improved sanitation facility 8.8% ( Urban 18.2% , Rural 6.8%)

6. About the study area
Addis Ababa is divided in to 10 Sub cities, Gullele is one of them located in the north.
It is the one of the oldest part of the capital city and contains indentified slum areas/districts.
The total population of the sub city is estimated to be 283,000 (2012GC).

7. Objective of the study General objective
To assess the Knowledge, Attitude & Practice on hygiene and sanitation among communities in Gullele Sub City, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

8. Specific objectives
To Assess the Knowledge on hygiene and sanitation among communities in Gullele Sub City, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
To assess the Attitude on hygiene and sanitation among communities in Gullele Sub City, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
To Assess the Practice on hygiene and sanitation among communities in Gullele Sub City, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

9. Study Design
Community based cross-sectional study
Study Population
All the community who lives Gullele sub city of Addis Ababa Ethiopia
Study period
This Study was conducted from April to June 2013

10. Sample Size
Sample size was determine using single population formula with
95% confidence interval,
50% prevalence,
5% degree of precision,
Design effect of 2
5 % non respond rate
The final Sample size was 807
In actual data collection the data were collected from 803 house holds.

11. Sampling Procedure
10 districts in Gullele Sub city were included
For selection of representative numbers of households, the ratio of total population in the respective districts were considered.
The study population/house holds were obtained by simple random sampling.

12. Data Collection Tools and Procedure
Household Questionnaires: Interviews were administered using a structure household questionnaire in 803 households
Observation: Using an observation checklist at the back of the questionnaires, the enumerators were able to observe and collect data on the physical conditions at the homes visited
The collected data was processed with use of SPSS, Version 20.0.

13. Limitation of the study
This study do not show the associated factors behind the findings.
It was done in one corner of the city , difficult to generalize the result to the city and the country, as it was a base line for the implimentation of a new project.

14. Demographic Profile of the Respondents
Results
Demographic Profile of the Respondents
803 house hold respondents were interviewed
Percentage of Respondents
by Gender Educational level

15. Water supply 618 ( 77% ) respondent use from piped water into dwelling
Source of Water
618 ( 77% ) respondent use from piped water into dwelling
136 (17%) from stand pipe from water venders
16 (2%) from protected hand dug well,
24 (3 %) from protected Spring
8 (1%) from Unprotected spring

16. Access to Latrine

17. Knowledge and attitudes on sanitation and hygiene
Understanding of sanitation and hygiene
When asked about their understanding of sanitation and hygiene

18. The most critical times to wash one’s hands according to the respondents

19. How a person gets diarrhea

20. Studies in DRC ( 20%), Sudan ( 16% ), Bangladesh ( 18 %)
137 (17%) of the surveyed house holds reported that there was diarrhea in the past 2 weeks
Studies in DRC ( 20%), Sudan ( 16% ), Bangladesh ( 18 %)

21. The most important way to prevent diarrhea

22. Practices on Sanitation and Hygiene
It was found that only129 (16%) of the households had designated place for hand washing .
It was also observed only 10% of households had hand washing facility closer to the toilet facility.
580 (85%) sanitation facilities was found to be functional.
Only 102 (15% ) of the facilities were observed to have cover.

23. Hand Washing Practice

24. Conclusions
The respondents associated sanitation and hygiene mostly to (i) hand hygiene/cleanliness and (ii) clean, safe water. Safe disposal of feces was not among their priorities
Access to Improved sanitation facility is one of the major challenge in the study area
Had washing practice is also critical problem as 90% of the surveyed house holds did not have a hand washing facility adjacent to sanitation facility.

25. Recommendations
Promotion of construction and use of improved latrines at HH level with hand washing facilities .
Strengthening the existing urban health extension program with special attention to urban slum areas.
Develop strong strategy to promote proper hand wash.
Further research is needed on the design of messages and campaigns on hygiene awareness for urban poor communities.

26. Thank You