1. EUKARYA BACTERIA ARCHAEA Protists Plants Fungi Animals Protists more distinct from each other than plants, animals, and fungi are

2. Protists Mainly single celled eukaryotes (some are colonial, others multicellular) species in the genus Volvocales range from unicellular to colonial to multicellular.

3. Protists Often have a very complicated internal structure

4. Protists Forms –fungus-like –plant-like –animal-like –probably little to do with their evolutionary history

5. Fungus-like Protists Water molds and slime molds

6. Animal-like Protists classified according to how they move: –amoeba-like –ciliated – flagellated

10. Protists and Human Health and Welfare Many protists are responsible for human diseases, such as malaria.

11. –Giardia - causes diarrhea – Trypanosoma - causes sleeping sicknes

12. most single-celled, but some multicellular have chloroplasts include –Diatoms –Dinoflagellates (red tides) –Algae – green, red, brown Plant-like Protists

13. Diatoms

14. Figure 28.17x Diatom shell

15. Figure 28.17 Diatoms: Diatom diversity (left), Pinnularia (left)

16. Diatom

17. Dinoflagellate

18. Dinoflagellates Importance: parasites on fish cause “red tides” contain toxins cause mass mortalities of aquatic organisms

19. Algae Classified as: –green (mostly freshwater) –red (marine) –brown (marine “kelps”)

20. Green Algae The green algae are the ancestors of plants.

21. Freshwater habitats

22. Chara

23. Volvox colony

24. Marine habitats

25. Ulva – “sea lettuce”

26. Codium © D. Stengel

27. Caulerpa

28. Red Algae

30. Brown Algae “kelp”

33. Why are algae important? Production of Oxygen Production of biomass: -the leading primary producers in oceans and basis for marine and freshwater food chains

34. Grazing protists Photosynthetic protists Protists and Human Health and Welfare

35. Also … algae serves as human food –Annual value is about US$6 billion

36. KELP FORESTS

37. CALIFORNIA California kelp forests considered most diverse in world

38. Kelp (Brown Algae) 1000 species, almost all marine most common in cold, temperate seas

39. Giant Kelps - largest of all algae Kelp Forests –one kelp can grow 25-30 m in one season –can reach 45 m long –among most productive of all plant communities

40. Parts of a kelp –Gas-filled pneumatocysts –Rootlike holdfast to attach to substrate –Long hollow stem or stipe –Leaflike blades FUNCTION AND FORM

41. Kelp forests - Where do they occur? Cold, temperate water

42. The ecological role of kelp

43. Dampen wave action Reduce coastal erosion Support populations of fish and invertebrates Habitat for many species

44. Animals of the kelp forest

45. Sea urchins graze on kelp

46. Sea otters control urchin populations by eating them

47. Now in trouble - not so diverse

48. Kelp Harvesting Old methods –led to reduction of many small marine creatures including abalone –now restricted

49. Kelp Harvesting Now Currently >100 tons of kelp are removed off the California coast alone --- down from 170,000