1. RULE 2-3-1 obstructing an opponent

2. LEGAL BLOCKING TECHNIQUES Closed/Cupped Hands 1. Elbows inside -or- outside the shoulders. 2. Hands closed or cupped. 3. Palms may not face opponent. 4. No more than 45 degrees.

3. LEGAL BLOCKING TECHNIQUES Open Hand Technique Hands Must Be 1. advance of elbows 2. inside the frame 3. at or below the shoulders 4. open - not closed or clamped

4. LEGAL BLOCKING TECHNIQUES Remember 1. hands may not be locked. 2. may not swing, throw, or flip the elbow or forearm, nor may he punch 3. above opponent's shoulder is illegal (Unless the opponent ducks, squats or submarines.)

5. ILLEGAL BLOCKING TECHNIQUES 1. Butt Blocking 2. Blocking Below the Waist 3. Chop Blocking 4. Clipping 5. Block After a Fair Catch Signal 6. Blocking of a Kicker or Holder of a Free Kick 7. Tripping 8. Interlocked Blocking 9. Blocks In The Back

6. RULE 2-3-8 Butt Blocking is an act by an offensive or defensive player who initiates contact against an opponent who is not a ball carrier with the front of his helmet. RULE 2-3-7 Blocking Below The Waist making initial contact below the waist of an opponent

7. RULE 2-3-9 Chop Blocking a d elayed block at the knees or below an opponent who is in contact with a teammate in the Free Blocking Zone. FIRST BLOCKSECOND BLOCKRULING HighLowChop Block LowLowChop Block

8. RULE 2-5-1a Clipping charging or falling into the back of, or across the back of the legs of an opponent not a runner or pretending RULE 9-3-3 Any block made after giving a Fair Catch Signal

9. RULE 9-3-4 Blocking a Kicker of Holder of a Free Kick player travels 5 yards beyond his Free Kick Line or has touched the ground or any other player. RULE 2-4-4 Tripping lower leg or foot to obstruct an opponent below the knee who is not the runner.

10. ILLEGAL BLOCKING TECHNIQUES 1. Butt Blocking 2. Blocking Below the Waist 3. Chop Blocking 4. Clipping 5. Block After a Fair Catch Signal 6. Blocking of a Kicker or Holder of a Free Kick 7. Tripping 8. Interlocked Blocking 9. Blocks In The Back Penalty: 15 yards. All-But-One principle.

11. Penalty: 15 yards. All-But-One principle.

12. RULE 9-2-1c & 9-2-3c Holding & Illegal Use of Hands may not use his hands, arms or legs to: 1. Hook 4. Grasp 2. Lock 5. Encircle 3. Clamp 6. Hold In an effort to restrain an opponent. (Other than the runner or ball carrier.)

13. RULE 9-2-3 DEFENSIVELY Pushing or shoving a teammate Pulling an opponent

14. Things To Consider: 1. Effect on the play. 2. "Point Of Attack." 3. Advantage / Disadvantage. 4. Grasping, grabbing, tackling. 5. Hands or arms used to clamp, hook or lock up the opponent. 6. Takedowns. When To Make A Holding Call: 1. "Point of Attack." 2. part of the play and creates Advantage/Disadvantage. 3. visibly evident. 4. effect on the outcome of the play.

15. Penalty: 10 yards. All-But-One principle.

16. RULE 2-5-1b Illegal Block In The Back Pushing above the waist on an opponent's back. Penalty: 10 yards. All-But-One principle.

17. FREE BLOCKING ZONE RULE 2-17-1 rectangular area extending 4 yards on either side of the football and 3 yards behind each line of scrimmage. 8 yard by 6 yard area

18. FREE BLOCKING ZONE 1. (2-17-2a) ) Blocking below the waist is permitted both offensive and defensive players who are: in the zone, on the line, at the snap. 2. blocks below the waist by offensive linemen who are in the zone against defensive players who are on the line ONLY! 3. Defensive players on the defensive line of scrimmage + within one yard of their line of scrimmage, may both block and be blocked below the waist.

19. FREE BLOCKING ZONE block below the waist WHO ARE NOT: in the zone on the line at the snap ILLEGAL!

20. FREE BLOCKING ZONE Blocks below the waist made by backs, linebackers, ends, safety, cornerbacks, not on line not in the zone ALWAYS ILLEGAL ! Clipping by offensive is legal only in the zone until it disintegrated.

21. ANY QUESTIONS? TRUE or FALSE 1. A block in the back is defined as a block with contact inside the shoulders, below the helmet and above the waist. True; 2-5-2, 2-5-3 2. A chop block is a legal block within the 6 x 8 yard free-blocking zone. False; 2-3-8, 9-3-6 3. The runner may be legally clipped. True; 2-5-1 4. Any player in the free-blocking zone, at the time of the snap, may block below the waist. False; 2-17-2 a

22. ANY QUESTIONS? TRUE or FALSE 5. The neutral zone is established after the snapper has made final adjustment of the ball. False; 2-28-1,2. 6. The line of scrimmage for each team is determined when the ball is marked ready-for-play. True; 2-25-1 7. An offensive player may push, pull or lift the runner to assist his forward progress. False; POE #4