2. Introduction Back injuries are some of the most common and costly injuries in the work placeBack injuries are some of the most common and costly injuries in the work place An estimated 80% of Americans will suffer a back injury at some time in their lifeAn estimated 80% of Americans will suffer a back injury at some time in their life Low back pain most commonly occurs in people aged 30 to 50 years oldLow back pain most commonly occurs in people aged 30 to 50 years old Back injuries cause loss of work and cost billions of dollars per yearBack injuries cause loss of work and cost billions of dollars per year

3. Back Injuries are Caused by: Improper LiftingImproper Lifting Faulty postureFaulty posture Overuse of certain muscles and jointsOveruse of certain muscles and joints Stress and fatigueStress and fatigue Poor general health, lack of physical fitness, loss of supplenessPoor general health, lack of physical fitness, loss of suppleness TraumaTrauma

4. Lifting and Carrying Check the path of travel or destination of the load to make sure it is clearCheck the path of travel or destination of the load to make sure it is clear Clear the path before picking up the loadClear the path before picking up the load One of the most frequent causes of back injuries is falling while carrying a loadOne of the most frequent causes of back injuries is falling while carrying a load

5. Warm-up Exercises Prior to lifting, you should warm up your muscles with a couple of stretches – like hamstring stretch…Prior to lifting, you should warm up your muscles with a couple of stretches – like hamstring stretch…

6. Warm-up Exercises Or side-to- side stretchingOr side-to- side stretching

7. Test Weight of Load Prior to lifting or moving an object, test the weight of the load to make sure it can be moved safelyPrior to lifting or moving an object, test the weight of the load to make sure it can be moved safely

8. Test Weight of Load Test the weight by lifting a corner of the object. If it is too heavy or if the object is an odd shape, STOP!Test the weight by lifting a corner of the object. If it is too heavy or if the object is an odd shape, STOP!

9. Ask for Help If an item is too heavy or awkward to carry, request assistance from a co-workerIf an item is too heavy or awkward to carry, request assistance from a co-worker

10. Awkward Loads It is better to drop a heavy or awkward load rather than risk an injury by jerking or moving incorrectlyIt is better to drop a heavy or awkward load rather than risk an injury by jerking or moving incorrectly

11. Push instead of pull heavy objects whenever possiblePush instead of pull heavy objects whenever possible (This puts less strain on the back) Push -- Don’t Pull

12. Lower back in arched position Keep the lower back in its normal, “arched” position while lifting (With back arched, forces are more evenly distributed on the support structures)Keep the lower back in its normal, “arched” position while lifting (With back arched, forces are more evenly distributed on the support structures)

13. Lifting Bring the load as close to the body as possible and no more than waist high. (The closer to your spine, the less force it exerts on your back.)Bring the load as close to the body as possible and no more than waist high. (The closer to your spine, the less force it exerts on your back.)

14. Lifting Bend at the knees or hips, not at the waist.Bend at the knees or hips, not at the waist. Point your toes out.Point your toes out.

15. Lifting Keep the head and shoulders up as the lifting motion begins ( This helps to keep the arch in the lower back)Keep the head and shoulders up as the lifting motion begins ( This helps to keep the arch in the lower back)

16. Lifting Tighten the stomach muscles as the lift beginsTighten the stomach muscles as the lift begins Keep your weight centered over your feet.Keep your weight centered over your feet.

17. Lifting Lift with the legs and stand up slowly, moving in a smooth, even motionLift with the legs and stand up slowly, moving in a smooth, even motion

18. Lifting Use the strength of the legs to straighten the knees and hips as the lift is completed (This decreases the lower back stress)Use the strength of the legs to straighten the knees and hips as the lift is completed (This decreases the lower back stress)

19. Lifting Tuck your arms and elbows into your side and your chin into your neck.Tuck your arms and elbows into your side and your chin into your neck.

20. Lifting and Carrying Use a wide, balanced stance with one foot ahead of the otherUse a wide, balanced stance with one foot ahead of the other A solid base of support reduces the likelihood of slipping and jerking movementsA solid base of support reduces the likelihood of slipping and jerking movements

21. Steps to Prevent Back Injuries Avoid twisting motion as you move objectsAvoid twisting motion as you move objects

22. Do not reach for things above your head or out of reachDo not reach for things above your head or out of reach Heavy items should be kept between 30-50” from floor to eliminate need for reachingHeavy items should be kept between 30-50” from floor to eliminate need for reaching Steps to Prevent Back Injuries:

23. Steps to Prevent Back Injuries When stacking items, keep stack below shoulders and above the kneesWhen stacking items, keep stack below shoulders and above the knees

24. Lifting and Carrying Break a large load into several smaller ones, whenever possibleBreak a large load into several smaller ones, whenever possible

25. Carrying Take small stepsTake small steps Move the feet (pivot) if a direction change is necessary. (This eliminates the need to twist at the waist, thus reducing the stress on the supporting structures of the back)Move the feet (pivot) if a direction change is necessary. (This eliminates the need to twist at the waist, thus reducing the stress on the supporting structures of the back)

26. Carrying Turn correctly -- slow and easy. Lead with foot pointing in direction you want to goTurn correctly -- slow and easy. Lead with foot pointing in direction you want to go Never try to change grips while carrying heavy load. (If load is slipping, set it down and get a better grip)Never try to change grips while carrying heavy load. (If load is slipping, set it down and get a better grip)

27. Lowering Load Place load on edge of surface and slide it backPlace load on edge of surface and slide it back

28. Lowering Load Put down as carefully as you picked it up -- squat straight down using only leg musclesPut down as carefully as you picked it up -- squat straight down using only leg muscles Lower load slowly, bending at the kneesLower load slowly, bending at the knees

29. Lowering Load Make sure fingers don’t get caught under the loadMake sure fingers don’t get caught under the load

30. Use an Assistive Device Whenever Possible Use both hands to control the hand- truck or pushcart.Use both hands to control the hand- truck or pushcart. Use tie-down straps, if necessary, to secure the load.Use tie-down straps, if necessary, to secure the load.

31. Use an Assistive Device Whenever Possible Stay close to the load, try not to lean over, and keep your back straight or slightly arched.Stay close to the load, try not to lean over, and keep your back straight or slightly arched.

32. “Spring-suspended” bin” can be used for loading and unloading cartons“Spring-suspended” bin” can be used for loading and unloading cartons Assistive Devices

33. Shoveling, Raking and Mopping D-Grip handle provides a hand placement position that is slightly angled to the mounting surfaceD-Grip handle provides a hand placement position that is slightly angled to the mounting surface Substantially reduces back pain, fatigue, blisters and other repetitive stress injuries.Substantially reduces back pain, fatigue, blisters and other repetitive stress injuries.

34. Back Exercises – Half Sit-ups Lie down on your back with your knees bent.Lie down on your back with your knees bent. Put your arms on your chest.Put your arms on your chest. Raise your body 6 - 8 inches off the floor.Raise your body 6 - 8 inches off the floor. Hold for 5 seconds, then relax.Hold for 5 seconds, then relax. Repeat 6 times.Repeat 6 times.

35. Back Exercises – Knee Raise Lie down on your back with your knees bent.Lie down on your back with your knees bent. Raise one knee at a time to your chest, and hold it for 30 seconds.Raise one knee at a time to your chest, and hold it for 30 seconds. Lower your foot to the floor, and raise the other knee.Lower your foot to the floor, and raise the other knee. Repeat this exercise 6 times for each leg.Repeat this exercise 6 times for each leg.

36. Back Exercises -- Partial Squat Starting at a standing position, balance yourself by holding onto a stationary object, such as the back of a chair.Starting at a standing position, balance yourself by holding onto a stationary object, such as the back of a chair. Bend your knees, and squat down about halfway to the floor. Hold this position for several seconds.Bend your knees, and squat down about halfway to the floor. Hold this position for several seconds. Stand up. Repeat 6 times.Stand up. Repeat 6 times.

37. Diagonal Lift Grip the top outside and bottom inside corners (this is the “diagonal lift”)Grip the top outside and bottom inside corners (this is the “diagonal lift”)

38. Tripod Lift One knee on the floor for balance.One knee on the floor for balance.

39. “Golfer’s Lift” Face the object.Face the object. Brace one hand on your knee or work surface to help offset the weight of the load and help in stabilizing your bodyBrace one hand on your knee or work surface to help offset the weight of the load and help in stabilizing your body Tighten your stomach muscles and bend at the hip, not at the waist, lifting the opposite leg up and out behind you.Tighten your stomach muscles and bend at the hip, not at the waist, lifting the opposite leg up and out behind you. Pick up the object, return to a standing position.Pick up the object, return to a standing position.

40. Power Lift Most powerful liftMost powerful lift Item is position between 30-50” from floorItem is position between 30-50” from floor Muscles are slightly contracted providing most strengthMuscles are slightly contracted providing most strength

41. One-Arm Loads Reach for the loadReach for the load –Bend at the knees & waist & keep back straight Grasp load firmlyGrasp load firmly Lift with legs using free arm to balanceLift with legs using free arm to balance Keep shoulders levelKeep shoulders level Switch hands frequentlySwitch hands frequently

42. Awkward Objects Stand over one corner of load with feet apartStand over one corner of load with feet apart Grab bottom inside & top outside cornersGrab bottom inside & top outside corners Bend knees and lift keeping the same gripBend knees and lift keeping the same grip

43. Lowering from a High Place Test load weight by pushing on it. Check whether the load will shift when you lift it.Test load weight by pushing on it. Check whether the load will shift when you lift it.

44. Lowering from a High Place Lighten load, if possibleLighten load, if possible Stand on something sturdy with one foot in front of the otherStand on something sturdy with one foot in front of the other Get help if load is awkward or heavyGet help if load is awkward or heavy

45. Lowering from a High Place Stand as close as possible to the loadStand as close as possible to the load Grasp object firmly, sliding it down your bodyGrasp object firmly, sliding it down your body Get help, if necessaryGet help, if necessary

46. What’s Wrong in This Picture? With knees between the body and the box, the box is being lifted too far out from the body.

47. What’s Wrong in This Picture? A 10 pound box held close to the body exerts 10 pounds of pressure on the lower back. That same 10 pound box held out from the body exerts 100 pounds of pressure on the lower backA 10 pound box held close to the body exerts 10 pounds of pressure on the lower back. That same 10 pound box held out from the body exerts 100 pounds of pressure on the lower back

48. What’s Wrong in This Picture? Ladder is too heavy and awkward to carry alone – request assistance from co-workerLadder is too heavy and awkward to carry alone – request assistance from co-worker