1. Automated Systems Lesson 2: Robot Terminology

2. By the end of this lesson you will be able to: 1.Name 6 pieces of anatomy a robot 2.Suggest suitable end effectors for a task 3.Suggest suitable actuator for a robot 4.Describe how a robot is told what to do. 5.Explain the term degrees of freedom Lesson 2: Automated Systems

3. Anatomy of a Robots Lesson 2: Automated Systems Waist Arm Wrist Elbow Hand Shoulder

4. Lesson 2: Automated Systems An end-effector is the "hand" connected to the robot's arm that helps it do its job. End effectors can be tools such as: a gripper, a vacuum pump, tweezers, scalpel, blowtorch. Change the robot’s end-effectors, change its program and it can do a complete new task instantaneously. This is adaptability. Vacuum Cups Grippers De-Burrers Nippers End Effectors

5. Hydraulic actuators  very high power requirements, eg cutting Pneumatic actuators  high power requirements eg gripping, moving robots parts. Electric actuators  light power supplies, eg tightening a screw, welding. Actuators Actuator is the “power supply" that drive the robot parts to move. Without an actuator a robot couldn’t move. Robots are actuated by air, water pressure, or electricity. Lesson 2: Automated Systems pneumatic hydraulic

6. Programming a Robot Robots are control by a control program. 1)Control programs can be created by a programmer writing a control program using a control programming language. Control languages have been created specifically for controlling systems. Control languages commands include: forward, back, up, down, release, ie words that would be useful when programming a system. 2)Programming by Example A person will have sensors attached to them, they then perform the task, sensors monitor every movement and that becomes the program. To change what a robot does you install a new control program. Lesson 2: Automated Systems

7. Degrees of Freedom The number of ways a robot can move is described as its degrees of freedom. Each direction a joint can go gives an arm 1 degree. The greater the number of degrees of freedom the more ways a robot can move, and so the more tasks can be done.

8. Questions Answer the following questions in your jotter. 1.Name the 6 pieces of anatomy of a robot. 2.Suggest suitable end effectors for: a)Picking up a windscreen. b)Cutting a piece of steel. 3.Suggest suitable actuator for a robot that: a)Lifts and moves a car engine into the engine bay of a car. b)Tightens bolts on the car engine. c)Tightens a screw into table. 4.Describe how a robot is told what to do. 5.Explain the term degrees of freedoms. Lesson 2: Automated Systems

9. Fun Things To Do Learn to design your own robot http://www.bbc.co.uk/science/robots/techlab/sub_selector.shtml Find out about the Mars Explorer http://marsrovers.nasa.gov/home/ More end effectors: http://www.columbiaokura.com/end_effectors.php