1. Intro, Outlook, Retrospect Session Wrap-Up Dagstuhl Seminar May 01 – 06, 2011

2. OC Seminar Wrap-Up Intro, Outlook, Retrospect2 What are the technical questions covered in this session?  General overview on Organic Computing program by DFG  Conceptual implications of shift from design-time to run-time design on established system design flows  Entry points for OC to enrich Model-based Design  A decade of experience in building adaptive systems

3. OC Seminar Wrap-Up Intro, Outlook, Retrospect3 Game of Life [Conway70] If (cell alive AND N = 3 ) then live unchanged to next generation Else if (cell alive AND N 3 ) then death by loneliness or overcrowding Else if (cell dead AND N = 3) then birth of new cell in next generation End Conway (rule 3/3) hexagonal (rule 34/2) Constituent pattern determines system level behavior:  Rotary, translatory movements, oscillation, persistence, …  … in combination and with varying parameters

4. OC Seminar Wrap-Up Intro, Outlook, Retrospect4 Where do we have agreement and disagreements?  Agreements  Organic Computing program yielded numerous examples demonstrating the viability for applying self-organization to system design  The more complex systems become, the more necessary it is to identify paths to migrate more aspects of design from design-time to run-time  Personal observations:  Seminar presentations tended to give way more focus on the opportunities of SO than on its challenges and risks (?)  Try on interactive Game of Life simulator website: http://www.cut-the-knot.org/Curriculum/Combinatorics/Life.shtml

5. OC Seminar Wrap-Up Intro, Outlook, Retrospect5 Where do we have agreement and disagreements?  Agreements  Organic Computing program yielded numerous examples demonstrating the viability for applying self-organization to system design  The more complex systems become, the more necessary it is to identify paths to migrate more aspects of design from design-time to run-time  Personal observations:  Seminar presentations tended to give way more focus on the opportunities of SO than on its challenges and risks (?)  Small change in system may have a huge impact on system behavior  Configuration Space: Small modification in component behavior (rules) may have huge impact on system behavior  Design-space versus configuration-space!

6. OC Seminar Wrap-Up Intro, Outlook, Retrospect6 Where do we have agreement and disagreements?  Personal observations:  Errors are not tolerated in technical systems (?)  Doesn’t mainly matter how critical an error is?  Regard errors, that can be tolerated, as a necessity to learn (and improve)?  If an application / system can’t tolerate errors, then apply background OC simulation / rule validation before application  OR constrain SO by setting hard bounds  OR, combine OC methods with error resilient design techniques, which do exist since a long time

7. OC Seminar Wrap-Up Intro, Outlook, Retrospect7 Common principles and opposite directions pursued  Common principles  Multi-layer observer-control with online and offline learning  What commonalities evolved on other aspects of OC (methods / tools, architectures for OC applications)?  Opposite directions: Personal opinion  OC as a means to cope with complexity of complex systems OR can OC / SO even more be applied for reducing the complexity of systems?  Best way to cope with complexity is to AVOID complexity!  This would then be another design-time aspect of system design

8. OC Seminar Wrap-Up Intro, Outlook, Retrospect8 What is (to large extent) unexplored territory?  Non-functional requirements: robustness, safety, reliability, real-time, scalability; with GUARANTEES (quantitative metrics)  Can non-functional requirements be added-in in a “second round” or would it possibly imply to re-architect the foundations / basics of OC?  Appropriate interface for controlled self-organization  Which interfaces? Between OC layers (rule application / evaluation and productive system) or between OC layers and design tools to develop these layers, or both?  User to system interaction  Systematic approach / framework to reason about behavior in unanticipated situations (SO Simulator ?)  Testability, verification of self-organizing behavior

9. OC Seminar Wrap-Up Intro, Outlook, Retrospect9 Other Questions  OC points of entry into MBD: Which steps are automated in today’s MBD, which manual? Refine means synthesis?  How does OC modify the V-Design cycle?  How would OC modify MBD? (and vice versa)  Cost of OC / SO in design cycle?  Benchmarking against “other” methods  Make clear where OC / SO has a unique value proposition

10. OC Seminar Wrap-Up Intro, Outlook, Retrospect10 Self-Organization / Emergence Local behavior of the constituents of a self-organizing system may lead to observable, emergent global behavior which is not reflected in local behavior / rules  Population of interacting system constituents  System is hierarchically structured (multi-layer organization)  Emergent behavior observable at levels above constituent level (system level or system environment) as a result of hidden causal relationships across levels [Fromm04] System