1. Asexual propagation Vegetative prop.

2. Asexual propagation CuttageCuttage LayerageLayerage DivisionDivision GraftageGraftage

3. Cuttage Things to consider:Things to consider: –Rooting medium vermiculite and perlite or sand or watervermiculite and perlite or sand or water –Sterile/clean containers –Rooting powders or liquids

5. Cuttage Types of cuttingsTypes of cuttings –Herbaceous –Softwood –Hardwood Length 3 - 5” for herbaceous, 6-8” for softwood/hardwood. Generally, the longer a cutting, the betterLength 3 - 5” for herbaceous, 6-8” for softwood/hardwood. Generally, the longer a cutting, the better Need a MINIMUM of 2 nodesNeed a MINIMUM of 2 nodes

6. Sticking easy-to-root cuttings directly in the ground

7. Cuttage Factors affecting rootingFactors affecting rooting –Age of stock plant –Nutrients in stock plant –Flowers buds present/absent –Temperature (top of cutting vs. bottom) –Wounding –Application of auxins –Moisture/aeration of medium

10. Cuttage FactorsFactors –Time of year Woody plantsWoody plants –Deciduous best in fall/winter when dormant –Narrow-leaved evergreens - best in fall/winter –Broadleaved evergreens - best in summer HerbaceousHerbaceous –take during spring with new growth

11. Cuttage Types of cuttingsTypes of cuttings –Tip cutting –Leaf-bud cutting –Leaf cutting

28. Layerage Process of forming roots on a stem that is still attached to a plantProcess of forming roots on a stem that is still attached to a plant Benefits: Renew an existing plant. Direct energy from “mother” plantBenefits: Renew an existing plant. Direct energy from “mother” plant Problems: results in limited numbers of plants. Disease transmitted to new plantProblems: results in limited numbers of plants. Disease transmitted to new plant

29. Layerage Types:Types: –Tip-layering. Often done with raspberries and other brambles). Tip of shoot inserted into ground upside down –Simple layering. Done in spring. 6” of tip is exposed. Wired and staked. Used on narrow-leaved evergreens

35. Layerage Types:Types: –Mound layering (stooling). Used on low- branching shrubs –Air layering. To rejuvenate a “leggy” woody shrub or houseplant. Girdle stem (cut phloem and cambium)Girdle stem (cut phloem and cambium) Wrap in moist sphagnum mossWrap in moist sphagnum moss Wrap in plastic and aluminum foilWrap in plastic and aluminum foil

37. Air layering Girdle stem (cut phloem and cambium)Girdle stem (cut phloem and cambium) Treat wound with rooting powderTreat wound with rooting powder Wrap in moist sphagnum mossWrap in moist sphagnum moss Wrap in plasticWrap in plastic Wrap in aluminum foilWrap in aluminum foil