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Welcome to Virtual Reality Technology. What is Virtual Reality? “A high-end user interface that involves real-time simulation and interaction through.

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Presentation on theme: "Welcome to Virtual Reality Technology. What is Virtual Reality? “A high-end user interface that involves real-time simulation and interaction through."— Presentation transcript:

1 Welcome to Virtual Reality Technology

2 What is Virtual Reality? “A high-end user interface that involves real-time simulation and interaction through multiple sensorial channels.” (vision, sound, touch, smell, taste) Introduction

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4 Sensorama Simulator, US Patent #3,050,870, 1962 Introduction

5 VR Short History 1963+ Ivan Sutherland's doctoral theses: SKETCHPAD: stereo HMD, position tracking, and a graphics engine. 1966+ Tom Furness: display systems for pilots; 1967+ Brooks developed force feedback GROPE system; 1977 Sandin and Sayre invent a bend-sensing glove 1979 Raab et al: Polhemus tracking system 1989 Jaron Lanier (VPL) coins the term virtual reality 1994 VR Society formed

6 Ivan Sutherland’s HMD (1966+) Introduction

7 Brooks’s Grope Project (1977) Introduction

8 The first complete system was developed by NASA “Virtual Visual Environmental Display” (VIVED early 80s; they prototyped the LCD HMD; Became “Virtual Interface Environment Workstation” (VIEW) 1989 Introduction NASA … a pioneer in VR

9 Large simulation and training needs; Could not send humans to other harm; Relatively small budgets. Introduction Why NASA?

10 NASA VIEW system (1989) Introduction

11 NASA VIEW system (1992) Introduction

12 Towards Commercialization… The first commercial VR systems appeared in the late 80s produced by VPL Co. (California): The VPL “Data Glove” and The VPL “Eye Phone” HMD Introduction

13 The VPL DataGlove (1987) Introduction

14 The Matel PowerGlove (1989) Introduction

15 The first commercial VR glove for entertainment – Mattel Power Glove $50 (1989)

16 The Flight Helmet (ca. 1990) weighs 5 lbs Early HMDs were massive

17 …and had poor resolution

18 Virtual Reality in the early 90s…. Emergence of first commercial Toolkits: WorldToolKit (Sense8 Co., now Engineering Animation Inc.); VCToolkit (Division Ltd., UK); Virtual Reality Toolkit VRT3 (Dimension Ltd./Superscape, UK); Cyberspace Developer Kit (Autodesk) Introduction

19 Superscape VRT3 Development System

20 Virtual Reality in the early 90s…. Emergence of first non-commercial toolkit: Rend386; Later Virtual Reality Modeling Language (VRML 1.0); Later still Java and Java 3D; Introduction

21 Scene created with Rend386

22 Virtual Reality in the early 90s…. PC boards still very slow (7,000 – 35,000 polygons/sec); First turnkey VR system – Provision 100 (Division Ltd.) Emergence of faster graphics rendering architectures at UNC Chapel Hill: Pixel Planes; Later Pixel Flow; Introduction

23 Stride PC graphics accelerator 35,000 polygons/sec; $26,000 (with two co- processors)/card Require up to 6 PC slots for stereo version

24 Introduction Provision 100 VR turnkey system (Division Ltd., UK) 35,000 polygons/sec; $64,000 (including texture generator, tracker, 3-D audio, HMD and software)

25 Introduction Provision 100 VR turnkey system (Division Ltd., UK)

26 Introduction Pixel Planes 5 VR system (UNC) ~ 1 Million triangles/sec;

27 Applications MedicineArchitectureMilitaryIndustryGame Tele- conferencing MR (VR / AR) MR (VR / AR)

28 Applications: Medicine u Virtual operating room for simulation and training 28

29 Applications: Medicine u Height phobia treatment 29

30 u Building design and simulation using heterogeneous VR environments Applications : Architecture

31 Applications : Immersive 3D Game u Alice in Virtual World Projection Wall Virtual Table CAVE - Like System UDP Master PC TCP PC CAVE PC Cluster PC With a 3D mouse Playing with a Wand With a 3D mouse

32 Interactive User Mirroring based on Stereo Video: Results: Images

33 I ntelligent A ugmented R eality u Test-bed for AR technique applied for industrial fields –Training for engineers for airplane maintenance. –Huge piles of documentation which link to each other : text, images, video  Integrate all information into the real scene

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36 VRML 실습  1.1 VRML (Virtual Reality Modeling Language)  1.2 VRML 의 특징

37 1.1 VRML (Virtual Reality Modeling Language)  VRML 은 Virtual Reality Modeling Language 의 약자로 인터넷 환경에서 상호 작용하는 3 차원 환경을 개발하기 위해 제안된 스크립트 언어  VRML 시초 -1994 년 5 월 스위스 제네바에서 열린 WWW conference 에서 Tim Berners-Lee 와 Dave Raggett 가 제안 - Silicon Graphics 사의 Open Inventor 파일 형식을 기반으로 VRML V1.0 규약 제정 - V1.0 의 기능에 다양한 기능을 추가하여 1996 년 VRML V2.0 제정 - 1997 년에 VRML 2.0 은 VRML97 로 수정하면서 국제 표준으로 인정받았다. - 현재 web3d 표준안으로 X3d(eXtensible 3 Dimension) 란 명칭으로 가상현실을 모델링

38  VRML 1.0 - 실리콘 그래픽스 (SGI) 의 오픈 인벤터 (Open Inventor) 의 파일 포맷을 기초로 하여 VRML 1.0 규정이 제정되었지만 사운드, 애니메이션 등이 결여되었고 가장 중요한 요소인 상호작용이 지원되지 않음  VRML 2.0 - VRML 2.0 에 대표적으로 추가된 기능은 상호작용 (interactive), 키프레임 애니메이션, 3 차원 사운드, 다양한 배경, 3 차원 물체를 제어할 수 있는 여러 스크립트가 제공  VRML 97 - VRML 2.0 을 국제 그래픽 표준으로 인정받기 위하여 V2.0 의 스펙 (Specification) 과 관련한 문서와 기능의 수정을 통해 그래픽 언어의 표준으로 VRML97 이 제안됨  X3D -X3D 는 “Extensible 3D" 의 약자로 인터넷 가상현실 구현 표준 언어인 VRML97 을 대체하는 표준안의 명칭

39 1.2 VRML 의 특징  상호작용과 탐색 기능 (Interaction and Navigation) - 3D 객체에 사용자의 이벤트를 발생 시킴으로서 더욱 현실감 있는 가상공간 체험  인터넷상의 3D 그래픽 국제 표준 - 표준 스펙 공개 - ASCII 형태의 파일로 메모장에서 쉽게 구현  다양한 스크립트 지원 -HTML 문서와 연결 가능할 뿐만 아니라, JAVA 나 JavaScript 와 결합 가능하여 다양한 기술을 효과적으로 표현  다른 응용프로그램과 호환성


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