1. CPR

2. Recognizing Emergencies Injuries resulted in 160,000 deaths in the U.S. in 2003 Injuries resulted in 160,000 deaths in the U.S. in 2003 List on your own as many different emergencies you can think of. List on your own as many different emergencies you can think of. –Emergency: meaning the person probably needed to go to the hospital or 911 was called.

3. Emergencies Car crash Car crash Fire Fire Water emergencies Water emergencies Weather emergencies Weather emergencies Poisoning Poisoning Cardiac emergencies Cardiac emergencies Choking Choking Breaks or fractures Breaks or fractures Sever Bleeding Sever Bleeding Unconscious Unconscious Not breathing Not breathing Seizures Seizures Sports injuries Sports injuries Falling from a height Falling from a height Diabetic Diabetic Allergic reactions Allergic reactions Sudden Illness Sudden Illness

4. Group Work In groups of 2-3 people use 1 sheet of blank paper to list 3 examples under each category. In groups of 2-3 people use 1 sheet of blank paper to list 3 examples under each category. –Unusual Sights (Ex. Smoke) –Unusual Appearances or Behaviors (Ex. Clutched chest) –Unusual Odors –Unusual Noises

5. Recognizing Emergencies Unusual Sights Stopped vehicle on the road Stopped vehicle on the road Broken glass Broken glass Overturned pot in kitchen Overturned pot in kitchen Spilled medicine container Spilled medicine container Downed electrical wires Downed electrical wires Sparks, Smoke, Fire Sparks, Smoke, Fire

6. Recognizing Emergencies Unusual Appearances or Behaviors Unconsciousness Unconsciousness Confused or Unusual Behavior Confused or Unusual Behavior Trouble Breathing Trouble Breathing Clutching chest or throat Clutching chest or throat Slurred, confused or hesitant speech Slurred, confused or hesitant speech Unexplainable confusion or drowsiness Unexplainable confusion or drowsiness Sweating Sweating Change in skin color Change in skin color Unable to move a body part Unable to move a body part

7. Recognizing Emergencies Unusual Odors Stronger than usual Stronger than usual Unrecognizable odors Unrecognizable odors Inappropriate odors Inappropriate odors

8. Recognizing Emergencies Unusual Noises Screaming, yelling, calling for help Screaming, yelling, calling for help Breaking glass, crashing metal Breaking glass, crashing metal Tires screeching Tires screeching Sudden loud noises Sudden loud noises Unusual Silence Unusual Silence

9. Steps to Help in an Emergency 1. Recognize an emergency exists. 2. Decide to act 3. Activate the EMS system 4. Give care until help arrives

10. Activity with a partner Talk to the person next to you: Talk to the person next to you: Make a list of the reasons people would not want to “Act” in an emergency? Make a list of the reasons people would not want to “Act” in an emergency?

11. Barriers to Act What would prevent someone from giving care? The presence of other people The presence of other people Being unsure of the ill or injured person’s condition Being unsure of the ill or injured person’s condition The type of injury or illness The type of injury or illness Fear of catching a disease Fear of catching a disease Fear of doing something wrong Fear of doing something wrong Fear of being sued Fear of being sued Unsure if they should call 911 Unsure if they should call 911

12. Good Samaritan Laws Protect people who willingly provide emergency care to ill or injured persons without accepting anything in return. Give care based on your training

13. “At The Scene” Card activity with 3-4 people Card activity with 3-4 people Answer the questions for each scene on a post it note. Answer the questions for each scene on a post it note. “Popcorn” around the room and ask groups to share their answers “Popcorn” around the room and ask groups to share their answers Discuss differences in answers Discuss differences in answers

14. Breathing Emergencies Having trouble or can not breathe at all. Having trouble or can not breathe at all. Could turn into cardiac emergencies, if untreated Could turn into cardiac emergencies, if untreated Partners answer: Partners answer: –Signs of an emergency? –How to recognize an emergency? –Common causes for adult / child?

15. Obtaining Consent You must have the person’s permission for a conscious adult. You must have the person’s permission for a conscious adult. Tell them who you are, how much training you have, what you think is wrong, and how you plan to help. Tell them who you are, how much training you have, what you think is wrong, and how you plan to help. Do not give care if they refuse – you may still call 911. Do not give care if they refuse – you may still call 911. If the victim is a child, you must get consent from their parent/guardian If the victim is a child, you must get consent from their parent/guardian

16. Obtaining Consent Cont… If the victim is unconscious it is implied consent. If the victim is unconscious it is implied consent. If the parent/guardian is not there, it is implied consent. If the parent/guardian is not there, it is implied consent.

17. Check, Call, Care Check Check 1. Is it safe? 2. What happened? 3. How many people are involved? 4. Is there immediate danger involved? 5. Is anyone else available to help? 6. What is wrong?

18. Check, Call, Care Cont… Call first or Care first????? Call first or Care first????? Page 17,18, 19. Life Threatening Conditions 1.Unconsciousness 2.Chest Pain 3.Not Breathing 4.Having Trouble Breathing 5.No Pulse 6.Severe Bleeding 7.Seizure lasting more than 5 minutes.

19. Preventing Disease Transmission 1. Avoid contact with bodily fluids 2. Use a breathing barrier 3. Bandage any open wounds you may have 4. Use a barrier like gloves 5. Do not eat or drink when giving care 6. Do not touch objects that may have bodily fluids on them 7. Have a 1 st aid kit 8. Wash your hands! 9. Tell EMS if you have contacted any bodily fluids

20. Glove Removal Partially remove first glove Partially remove first glove –Pinch wrist, only touch gloves, remove partially, leave thumb and index finger in glove –With thumb and index finger still in glove, pinch outside surface of second glove and remove completely –Use interior clean surface of glove to remove the rest of glove that is still on. –Discard and wash hands thoroughly

21. Conscious Adult Video Video 1.CHECK the scene, CHECK person 2.Obtain Consent 3.Call 911 if you need to 4.Interview the Person (SAMPLE) 5.Check head to toe

22. SAMPLE S – Signs & Symptoms S – Signs & Symptoms A – Allergies A – Allergies M – Medicine M – Medicine P – Past History P – Past History L – Last Oral Intake L – Last Oral Intake E – Events that led up to the event E – Events that led up to the event

23. Shock A condition in which the circulatory system fails to deliver oxygen-rich blood to the body’s tissues and vital organs.

24. Shock Cont… Signals of Shock –Restlessness or irritability –An altered level of consciousness –Pale, cool or moist skin –Nausea and vomiting –A blue color to the lips and nailbeds –Rapid breathing –Rapid Pulse

25. A B C’s A – Airway A – Airway B – Breathing B – Breathing C – Circulation C – Circulation

26. Moving a Victim Only move a victim when: Only move a victim when: 1. You are faced with immediate danger 2. When you have to get to another person who may have a more serious problem 3. When it is necessary to give proper care. Page 23, 24, 25 On how to move a victim.

27. Checking an Unconscious Adult CHECK scene, CHECK person CHECK scene, CHECK person Tap shoulder Tap shoulder No response CALL 911 No response CALL 911 Open airway, 10 seconds Open airway, 10 seconds Not breathing, give 2 rescue breaths Not breathing, give 2 rescue breaths If breathing, put into recovery position If breathing, put into recovery position

28. Recovery Positions Without a suspected spinal injury Without a suspected spinal injury Roll to side Suspected spinal injury: H.A.IN.E.S Suspected spinal injury: H.A.IN.E.S High Arm In Endangered Spine Pg 46

29. Signals of a Heart Attack Persistent chest pain lasting more than 3-5 minutes. It may come and go. Persistent chest pain lasting more than 3-5 minutes. It may come and go. Pain in either arm Pain in either arm Discomfort or pressure that spreads to the shoulder, arm, neck or jaw. Discomfort or pressure that spreads to the shoulder, arm, neck or jaw. Nausea, shortness of breath, trouble breathing Nausea, shortness of breath, trouble breathing Sweating, changes in skin appearance Sweating, changes in skin appearance Dizziness or unconsciousness. Dizziness or unconsciousness.

30. Cardiac Chain of Survival 1. Early Recognition and early access 2. Early CPR 3. Early defibrillation 4. Early advanced life support

31. In Case of a Heart Attack 1. Call 911 2. Have the person stop and rest 3. Loosen tight clothing 4. Closely monitor the person until EMS arrives 5. Be prepared to give CPR or use an AED 6. Interview the person to get a history

32. CPR After checking the ill or injured person 1. Give cycles of 30 chest compressions and 2 rescue breaths. 2. Compress the chest of an adult 1 ½ inch to 2 inches.

33. Reasons to Stop CPR The scene becomes unsafe The scene becomes unsafe You can see signs of life and circulation You can see signs of life and circulation An AED is ready to use An AED is ready to use You are too exhausted to continue You are too exhausted to continue A trained responder arrives and takes over A trained responder arrives and takes over

34. AED A- Automated A- Automated E- External E- External D – Defibrillator D – Defibrillator

35. Using the AED 1. Turn on the AED 2. Wipe the victim dry 3. Assemble the AED if necessary 4. Let the AED analyze the heart rhythm 5. Follow the directions of the AED 6. Be sure to use pediatric pads for children Page 98-101