1. Research in Nursing: Evidence Based Practice
Associate Professor Dianne Roy
12 March 2015

2. Session Outline Evidence based practice Research
Identifying research reports
Types of literature
Research articles
Scholarly opinion articles
Finding research

3. Evidence Based Practice
“the integration of the best research evidence with clinical expertise and patient values” (Sackett and others, 2000, as cited in White, 2013, p. 10)
A competency requirement for registered nurses in NZ
Evidence based decision making is fundamental to providing high quality care to clients
Informed by an evaluation of the available evidence
An active process involving:
Recognised information need
Forming a focused clinical question
Searching for most appropriate evidence
Critically appraising the retrieved evidence
Incorporating the evidence into action/practice
Evaluating the effects
(See McCormack & Crisp, 2013; Thompson et al., 2004)

4. Research
“A systematic process used to confirm and refine existing knowledge and to build new knowledge” (Usher & Mills, 2012, p. 11).
Research knowledge sits alongside other forms of knowledge in guiding nursing practice:
Tradition and custom
Authority
Trial and error
Personal experience
Intuition
Reasoning
(Review: Usher & Mills, 2012, pp. 7-12)

5. Linking the domains of research, knowledge, and evidence-based practise
(Source: Usher & Mills, 2012, p. 6)

6. “Research must be critically read and evaluated, as well as aligned with other forms of professional evidence before it can be implemented and practice changed” (Schneider & Whitehead, 2007, p. 5).
So what does research look like?
How do we access research?

7. Types of Literature News items Commentaries Scholarly opinion article
Research report/article
Systematic review
The type of article and the journal editorial policy dictates what an article looks like
Let’s compare:
Scholarly Quantitative Qualitative
Look only at abstract

8. Recognising Research Articles
Know the parts of a journal article
Abstract - the first clue lies here, but you can be fooled
Introduction/background
Literature review
Aim of the study/research question
Study design
Ethical considerations
Sample/participants
Data collection
Data analysis
Findings/results
Discussion
Summary/conclusions
Scholarly Quantitative Qualitative

9. How do we find research articles?
Hard copy – journal holdings (Unitec Library)
Databases – e.g. Ebsco > CINAHL, Medline etc.
Specialist data bases (accessed through Unitec Library database list)
Joanna Briggs – see example
Cochrane Collaboration – access example
Websites – check quality of information:
Trusted websites
Origin (.com, .org, .govt, .ac or .edu)
(See, Fitzgerald & Stokes, 2012; Ribbons, 2012 )

10. References
Fitzgerald, L., & Stokes, J. (2012). Using library resources: What, when and how! In S. Borbasi & D. Jackson (Eds.), Navigating the maze of research: Enhancing nursing and midwifery practice (3rd ed., pp ). Chatswood, NSW: Mosby Elsevier. Lee, K. (2013). Student and infection prevention and control nurses’ hand hygiene decision making in simulated clinical scenarios: A qualitative research study of hand washing, gel and glove use choices. Journal of Infection Prevention, 14(3), doi: / McCormack, B., & Crisp, J. (2013). Critical inquiry and practice development. In J. Crisp, C. Taylor, C. Douglas & G. Rebeiro (Eds.), Potter and Perry's Fundamentals of Nursing (4th Australian ed., pp ). Chatswood, NSW: Elsevier Australia. Osborne, S. (2013). Infection control. In J. Crisp, C. Taylor, C. Douglas & G. Rebeiro (Eds.), Potter and Perry's Fundamentals of Nursing (4th Australian ed., pp ). Chatswood, NSW: Elsevier Australia. Patrick, M., & Van Wicklin, S. A. (2012). Implementing AORN recommended practices for hand hygiene. AORN Journal, 95(4), doi: /j.aorn Ribbons, B. (2012). Navigating the net: A source of nursing and midwifery knowledge. In S. Borbasi & D. Jackson (Eds.), Navigating the maze of research: Enhancing nursing and midwifery practice (3rd ed., pp ). Chatswood, NSW: Mosby Elsevier. Thompson, C., Cullum, N., McCaughan, D., Sheldon, T., & Raynor, P. (2004). Nurses, information use, and clinical decision making: The real world potential for evidence-based decisions in nursing. Evidence Based Nursing, 7(3), doi: /ebn Usher, K., & Mills, J. (2012). Introduction to nursing and midwifery research. In S. Borbasi & D. Jackson (Eds.), Navigating the maze of research: Enhancing nursing and midwifery practice (3rd ed., pp. 3-26). Chatswood, NSW: Mosby Elsevier. van De Mortel, T. F., Kermode, S., Progano, T., & Sansoni, J. (2012). A comparison of the hand hygiene knowledge, beliefs and practices of Italian nursing and medical students. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 68(3), doi: /j x White, J. (2013). Nursing today. In J. Crisp, C. Taylor, C. Douglas & G. Rebeiro (Eds.), Potter and Perry's Fundamentals of Nursing (4th Australian ed., pp. 2-18). Chatswood, NSW: Elsevier Australia.