1. Serology in Practice Sexual Crimes

2. Characteristics of Semen Search for semen includes corpse, victim, undergarments, bed sheets, mattresses, carpeting, flooring, etc. Search for semen includes corpse, victim, undergarments, bed sheets, mattresses, carpeting, flooring, etc. Stain location- Stain location- Often visible as stiff crusty spot (s) Often visible as stiff crusty spot (s)

3. Identifying a semen stain Acid phosphotase color test- Acid phosphotase color test- Acid phosphotase is an enzyme found in the prostate gland Acid phosphotase is an enzyme found in the prostate gland If found, an acidic solution of sodium alpha napthyphosphotase and fast blue dye produces a purple color If found, an acidic solution of sodium alpha napthyphosphotase and fast blue dye produces a purple color Presumptive test Presumptive test

4. Identification 4-methyl umbelliferyl phosphate (MUP)- 4-methyl umbelliferyl phosphate (MUP)- Will fluoresce under UV light Will fluoresce under UV light Reaction time of less than 30 seconds is evident of strong semen concentration Reaction time of less than 30 seconds is evident of strong semen concentration Fruit juices, cauliflower, and watermelon produce false positives Fruit juices, cauliflower, and watermelon produce false positives

5. Identification Microscope Microscope Immerse stain in small amount of water and view under microscope Immerse stain in small amount of water and view under microscope Presence of spermatozoa is proof of semen sample Presence of spermatozoa is proof of semen sample 2 key terms 2 key terms Oligospermia- low sperm count Oligospermia- low sperm count Aspermia- absence of sperm Aspermia- absence of sperm

6. Identification If no spermatozoa If no spermatozoa Run p30 (specific antigen (PSA)) test Run p30 (specific antigen (PSA)) test Combining antibody30 with electrical charge causes a visible line between antigen and antibody Combining antibody30 with electrical charge causes a visible line between antigen and antibody P30 is unique to seminal fluid P30 is unique to seminal fluid

7. Positive Test, then what… Once semen test produces positive results, a link is made to individual through DNA

8. Sperm Facts Motile Sperm Motile Sperm Generally survives 4-6 hours in the vaginal cavity Generally survives 4-6 hours in the vaginal cavity Non-motile Sperm Non-motile Sperm Can be found up to 3-6 days Can be found up to 3-6 days Intact sperm with tails not normally found after 16 hours Intact sperm with tails not normally found after 16 hours Important to find out time of rape and time intercourse Important to find out time of rape and time intercourse

9. Sperm Facts Important to rule out consensual partner through buccal (mouth) swab and blood sample Important to rule out consensual partner through buccal (mouth) swab and blood sample Semen is resilient Semen is resilient Even after washing clothes, sheets, linens, etc. there could still be traces of spermatozoa and PSA Even after washing clothes, sheets, linens, etc. there could still be traces of spermatozoa and PSA Just ask President Clinton about Monica’s Dress… Just ask President Clinton about Monica’s Dress…

10. Dealing with Rape What is rape? What is rape? The unapproved sexual advances upon a person The unapproved sexual advances upon a person In order to be classified as rape: In order to be classified as rape: Must be actual penetration Must be actual penetration Use of force by assailant Use of force by assailant Lack of mutual consent Lack of mutual consent

11. Facts on Rape Not stopping having sex when indicated by your partner despite previous consented sex is rape. Not stopping having sex when indicated by your partner despite previous consented sex is rape. Pushing sex when your partner does not want it is rape Pushing sex when your partner does not want it is rape If you get a person inebriated, then perform sexual intercourse it is rape If you get a person inebriated, then perform sexual intercourse it is rape If you don’t get a person drunk/high and know they are, but perform intercourse, it is rape If you don’t get a person drunk/high and don’t know they are, but still perform intercourse, it is rape If you are also drunk or high and have sex you have committed rape.

12. Types of Rape Marital Rape: forcible, unwanted sex in a marriage Marital Rape: forcible, unwanted sex in a marriage Statutory Rape: sex with a minor under the age of consent, even if the minor agrees to the act Statutory Rape: sex with a minor under the age of consent, even if the minor agrees to the act Blitz Rape: an unexpected sexual assault by a total stranger Blitz Rape: an unexpected sexual assault by a total stranger Acquaintance Rape: rape committed by someone barely known Incest: the rape of a child by an elder relative Group Rape: a group of people participate in the rape of a single individual Gray Rape: a victim’s word against the assailant, there is no other evidence

13. Dealing with Rape Trauma goes beyond physical discomfort May cause long lasting psychological trauma Rape is a heinous crime that although it involves sex, is about aggression and humiliation

14. Dealing with Rape Rape is often accompanied by homicide, either as part of the violent act or attempt to prevent getting caught Rape is often accompanied by homicide, either as part of the violent act or attempt to prevent getting caught Rape is often part of a serial killer’s homicide Rape is often part of a serial killer’s homicide Particularly when killer is sexually sadistic Particularly when killer is sexually sadistic Photo is John Wayne Gacy Photo is John Wayne Gacy

15. The Rape Exam Should be completed as soon as possible Unfortunately, most victims wait days, months, or even years before even reporting the crime

16. Rape Evidence Semen- presence indicates sex, but not rape Semen- presence indicates sex, but not rape Bruises, scars, abrasions- proves violent event, but not rape Bruises, scars, abrasions- proves violent event, but not rape Transfer of physical evidence- blood, semen, hairs, and fibers make a good case for rape Transfer of physical evidence- blood, semen, hairs, and fibers make a good case for rape

17. Collection of Evidence ALL outer and undergarments from the involved parties ALL outer and undergarments from the involved parties In separate paper bags, not plastic In separate paper bags, not plastic Place clean bed sheet on the floor and lay a clean paper sheet over it Place clean bed sheet on the floor and lay a clean paper sheet over it Victim removes shoes before her standing on paper Victim removes shoes before her standing on paper Have victim disrobe while standing on paper, this allows for foreign material to collect on the paper Have victim disrobe while standing on paper, this allows for foreign material to collect on the paper

18. Collection of Evidence Collectors should wear disposable latex gloves to prevent contamination Collectors should wear disposable latex gloves to prevent contamination Victim should undergo a medical examination Victim should undergo a medical examination Evidence and medical results provide support for rape case Evidence and medical results provide support for rape case

19. Can a male be raped by a female? By definition of rape, yes he can. By definition of rape, yes he can. In order for a male to be raped by a female, the female must first do something to sexually arouse the male. In order for a male to be raped by a female, the female must first do something to sexually arouse the male. This is followed by forced penetration (the definition of rape). This is followed by forced penetration (the definition of rape).