1. Personal Safety Chapter 21

2. Impact On the American Society 120,000 Americans die for injuries120,000 Americans die for injuries The economic cost of injuries is more than $650 billion each yearThe economic cost of injuries is more than $650 billion each year Intentional injuryIntentional injury –One that is purposely inflicted, by oneself or by another person. Unintentional injuryUnintentional injury –Injury occurs when no harm is intended –Fifth leading cause of death among Americans –One of the leading causes of death among Children and young adults National Safety Council (NSC)National Safety Council (NSC) – 2006 - E ach day 329 Americans died from unintentional injuries329 Americans died from unintentional injuries 89 died from suicide89 died from suicide 50 died from homicide50 died from homicide Chapter twenty-onePersonal Safety2

3. Unintentional Injures Four general classesFour general classes I.Motor vehicle injuries II.Home injuries III.Public injuries IV.Work injuries What Causes an Injury?What Causes an Injury? –Combination of human and environmental factors. Motor Vehicle Injuries.Motor Vehicle Injuries. –Factors Contributing to Motor Vehicle Injuries Speeding – 60% of all accidentsSpeeding – 60% of all accidents Aggressive drivingAggressive driving Fatigue and sleepinessFatigue and sleepiness Cell phones and other distractionsCell phones and other distractions Alcohol and other drugs – about 40%Alcohol and other drugs – about 40% Safety belts, air bags, and child safety seatsSafety belts, air bags, and child safety seats Chapter twenty-onePersonal Safety3

4. Table 21.1 Unintentional Injuries in the U.S. Chapter twenty-onePersonal Safety4

5. Motor Vehicle Injuries CDC – 45,000 Americans were killed and 3 million injured in motor vehicle crashes in 2006.CDC – 45,000 Americans were killed and 3 million injured in motor vehicle crashes in 2006. Factors Contributing to Motor Vehicle InjuriesFactors Contributing to Motor Vehicle Injuries –Speeding –Aggressive Driving –Fatigue and Sleepiness –Cell Phones and Other Distractions –Alcohol and Other Drugs –Safety Belts, Air Bags, and Child Safety Seats – 60-70% of those killed would have been saved if they wore a set belt Safety Seats – 60-70% of those killed would have been saved if they wore a set belt Chapter twenty-onePersonal Safety5

6. Chapter twenty-twoPersonal Safety6 Preventing Motor Vehicle Injuries Obey the speed limitObey the speed limit Always were a safety beltAlways were a safety belt Never drive under the influence.Never drive under the influence. Keep your car in good working condition.Keep your car in good working condition. Allow for plenty of following distance.Allow for plenty of following distance. Increase your following distance and slow down if weather is bad.Increase your following distance and slow down if weather is bad. Choose interstate highways versus rural roads.Choose interstate highways versus rural roads. Always signal.Always signal. Stop completely at stop signs.Stop completely at stop signs. Special care at intersections.Special care at intersections. Don’t pass on two-lane roads.Don’t pass on two-lane roads.

7. Motorcycles and Mopeds About one out of every ten traffic fatalities among 15-34 involves someone riding a motorcycleAbout one out of every ten traffic fatalities among 15-34 involves someone riding a motorcycle Safety Strategies:Safety Strategies: –Wear light colored clothing. –Develop the necessary skills. –Wear a helmet. –Protect your eyes with goggles. –Drive defensively. Chapter twenty-onePersonal Safety7

8. Bicycles 2006, Bicycle crashes send more than 500,000 people to the emergency room and resulted in 1000 deaths.2006, Bicycle crashes send more than 500,000 people to the emergency room and resulted in 1000 deaths. Safety strategies:Safety strategies: –Wear safety equipment. –Wear light colored clothing. –Ride with flow of traffic. –Ride defensively. –Stop at all traffic lights. –Continue pedaling at all times. Chapter twenty-onePersonal Safety8

9. Chapter twenty-onePersonal Safety9

10. Pedestrians Following strategies can help prevent injuries when you’re walking or joggingFollowing strategies can help prevent injuries when you’re walking or jogging –Walk or jog in daylight. –Wear light-colored, reflective clothing. –Face traffic when walking. –Avoid busy roads. –Cross only at marked crosswalks. –Don’t use headphones while walking. –Don’t hitchhike. Chapter twenty-onePersonal Safety10

11. Home Injuries FallsFalls –90% of fatal falls involve people 45 and over. FiresFires –Smoke detectors –Cooking #1 cause of fires –Smoking #1 cause of deaths PoisoningPoisoning –National poison hotline –800.222.1222 Suffocation and chokingSuffocation and choking –Heimlich maneuver FirearmsFirearms Chapter twenty-onePersonal Safety11

12. Leisure Injuries SwimmingSwimming –Not swimming alone –Personal floatation device –Check the surroundings In-line skating injuries.In-line skating injuries. Scooter injuries.Scooter injuries. Chapter twenty-onePersonal Safety12

13. Work Injuries Occupational Safety and Health Administration. (OSHA)Occupational Safety and Health Administration. (OSHA) –Occupational Safety and Health act of 1970. Back injuriesBack injuries –Proper mechanics Repetitive strain injuries (RSIs)Repetitive strain injuries (RSIs) –Carpal tunnel syndrome –Tendonitis Chapter twenty-onePersonal Safety13

14. Chapter twenty-onePersonal Safety14

15. Violence and Intentional Injuries ViolenceViolence –2007, More than 1.4 million Americans fall victim each year. Factors Contributing to ViolenceFactors Contributing to Violence –Social Factors –Violence in the media –Gender –Interpersonal factors –Alcohol and other drugs –Firearms Chapter twenty-onePersonal Safety15

16. Figure 21-2 Facts about violence in the U.S. Chapter twenty-onePersonal Safety16

17. Violence and Intentional Injuries AssaultAssault –Use of physical force by a person or persons to inflict injury or death on another. HomicideHomicide –2007, FBI estimated 17,000 murders Gang-Related violenceGang-Related violence –1 million Americans belong to a gang Hate crimesHate crimes –Bias against another person’s race or ethnicity, national origin, religion, sexual orientation, or disability motivates a criminal act. School violenceSchool violence Workplace violenceWorkplace violence TerrorismTerrorism Chapter twenty-onePersonal Safety17

18. Family and Intimate Violence BatteringBattering –Violence against intimate partners Stalking and CyberstalkingStalking and Cyberstalking –Harassing behaviors such as following or spying on a person and making verbal, written or implied threats. –Internet, e-mail, chat rooms, and Electronic communication devices Violence against childrenViolence against children Elder abuseElder abuse Chapter twenty-onePersonal Safety18

19. Sexual Violence Sexual Assault: RapeSexual Assault: Rape –Statutory rape –Date rape –Who commits Rape? –Factors Contributing to Date Rape. –Date rape drugs Rohypnol, GHB, “Special K”Rohypnol, GHB, “Special K” Date-Induced rape prevention and punishment act of 1996.Date-Induced rape prevention and punishment act of 1996. –Dealing with a Sexual Assault Women Organized Against Rape (WOAR) recommendationsWomen Organized Against Rape (WOAR) recommendations –The effects of rape Chapter twenty-onePersonal Safety19

20. Recommendations on Choosing to Fight a Rapist Trust your gut feelings.Trust your gut feelings. Yell, and keep yelling.Yell, and keep yelling. If an attacker grabs you from behind, use your elbow for striking his neck, sides, and stomach.If an attacker grabs you from behind, use your elbow for striking his neck, sides, and stomach. Try kicking. Aim low to avoid losing your balance.Try kicking. Aim low to avoid losing your balance. His most vulnerable spot is his knee, not his crotch.His most vulnerable spot is his knee, not his crotch. Once you start fighting, keep it up.Once you start fighting, keep it up. Remember, ordinary rules don’t apply. It’s OK to vomit, act “crazy” or claim to have an STD.Remember, ordinary rules don’t apply. It’s OK to vomit, act “crazy” or claim to have an STD.

21. Child Sexual Abuse Sexual act imposed on a minor.Sexual act imposed on a minor. –Incest –Most sexually abused children are between 8 and 12 when the abuse first occurs. –Surveys suggest that as many as 27% of women and 16% of men were sexually abused as children. Sexual HarassmentSexual Harassment –Affects academic or employment decisions or evaluations. –Interferes with an individual’s academic or work performance. –Creates an intimidating, hostile, or offensive academic, work, or student living environment. Chapter twenty-onePersonal Safety21

22. What You Can Do About Violence Training for conflict resolutionTraining for conflict resolution Identify and target risk groups for intervention.Identify and target risk groups for intervention. Reducing gun-related injuries.Reducing gun-related injuries. Adoption of consumer safety standards for guns.Adoption of consumer safety standards for guns. Chapter twenty-onePersonal Safety22

23. Emergency Care To provide Emergency Care, make sure the scene is safe firstTo provide Emergency Care, make sure the scene is safe first Conduct a quick check on the victimConduct a quick check on the victim Call for help (dial 911)Call for help (dial 911) Provide Emergency CareProvide Emergency Care A course in First Aid and CPR can help you respond appropriately when someone becomes injuredA course in First Aid and CPR can help you respond appropriately when someone becomes injured

24. Thank You