1. Emery Mattheis Voltaire

2.   Satirical novel published in 1759  Written as attack on Gottfried Leibniz and Optimists  Optimists believed that this world was the best of all possible worlds. Ha. Basics

3.   Louis XV reigned as King of France  An earthquake struck Lisbon and killed fifty thousand people. (1755)  The Seven Years War began in 1755.  Enlightenment period. History period

4.   François-Marie Arouet (1694-1778) grew up in Paris.  Went to jail. A lot. (for his criticisms of people in power)  Became a hero of the people later in life. Le Author

5.   Satirical. Yes, satirical. And witty.  Simple sentence structure and diction.  His tone never matches the mood of the story. Author’s Style

6.   Novel – fictional protagonist, journey-like plot, dialogues, limited third person point of view, and various settings  Satire – concern with ethical issues, desire for public reform, attacks on vices and ignorance, and whole- hearted wit. Characteristics of Genre

7.   Misery, death, despair, and sheep.  Grand Journey (Novel)  Begins with Candide getting kicked out of mansion and ends with everyone working on a farm. Plot Sheep.

8.   Candide -- Flat as can be. Easily influenced. Either determined or ignorant. Probably both.  Cunégonde – Also one dimensional. Her beauty is all that matters to everyone. She is bland in every other regard. Characteristics of … Characters… Oh, and Pangloss is an optimistic idiot.

9.   Eldorado  Garden  Syphilis Symbols Image Not Displayed

10.   Failures of Optimism – Rape, murder, disease, poverty, misery. All great aspects of a perfect world.  Evil in People/Hypocrisy of Religion– Inquisitor has a mistress, friar is a thief, Pope has a daughter, etc. Horrible deeds done in the name of god.  Fate -- ‘You observe,’ said Candide to Martin, ‘that crime is sometimes punished. That rogue of a Dutch captain has had the fate he deserved.’ ‘Yes,’ said Martin. ‘But why should the passengers have perished too? God has punished a scoundrel, but the devil has drowned the rest.’ (93)  The world is unpredictable. And Candide is a tool. Themes