1. Exploring the Positive Emotions of Gratitude, Pride, and Happiness Aga Grzeszczak Mentors: Drs. Leslie Kirby & Craig Smith

2. Introduction Emotion research Positive emotions  Broaden and Build Nonspecific action tendencies, thought action tendencies, broaden perspective, build resources, undoing effect Gratitude Pride Happiness

3. Questions for Study Specific emotion experience  Appraisal Questions Self versus other responsibility Positive and negative aspects  Emotivational Goals and Behavioral Responses Competitiveness Obligation Creativity Celebration  Other Emotions Guilt Regret Frustration Challenge Disappointment

4. Expectations Broaden and Build  Pride and Happiness versus Gratitude Appraisals  Gratitude Other responsibility, higher associations with negative aspects  Happiness Other responsibility, high positive aspects  Pride Self responsibility, high positive aspects

5. Expectations Emotivational Goals and Behavioral Responses  Gratitude Obligation  Happiness Celebration, creativity  Pride Celebration, competitiveness Other Emotions  Gratitude Guilt, regret, frustration, disappointment  Pride challenge

6. Pilot Study Open-ended questionnaire  Description of situation  Why did they feel this specific emotion in this situation?  What did they want to do in this situation?  What did they actually do in this situation?  How, if at all, did this situation end-or how was it resolved? Results  LIWC  Subjective analysis

7. Linguistic Inquiry Word Count Results

8. Method 63 participants in a three-cell, two-part between subjects design Past experiences questionnaire  Gratitude, pride, happiness Dispositional questionnaire  Gratitude Resentment and Appreciation Test and Gratitude Questionnaire-6  Subjective Happiness Scale and Satisfaction with Life Scale  Dispositional Pride Scale and Trait Pride Scale  Intrinsic/Extrinsic Revised Orientation Scale and Spiritual Transcendence Scale

9. Measures Qualitative ratings  Open ended questions LIWC Discrepancy Self-reports  Emotivational goals, behavioral responses, appraisals, other associated emotions  ANOVA

10. Results: Manipulation Checks

11. Results: Appraisals: Responsibility

12. Results: Appraisals: Positive and Negative Aspects

13. Results: Emotivational Goal and Behavioral Response for Competitiveness Wanted to compete Actually competed

14. Results: Other Emotions

15. Results: LIWC: Self and Other- Directed Words

16. Results: LIWC: Occupation and School-Related

17. Conclusions Key findings  Gratitude Other-responsibility Negative aspects Indebtedness, obligation, frustration, guilt, resignation  Pride Self-responsibility Competitiveness  Happiness Positive aspects Emotivational goals Creativity and openness Disposition and Religion

18. Limitations and Future Directions Limitations  Generalizability  Self-reports  Zoomerang Future directions  Experiment  Gender and diversity

19. Acknowledgements Thank you: Dr. Leslie Kirby Dr. Craig Smith Smith/Kirby lab group