1. Kinesiology Presentation Alexandria Harris 12/7/2009

2. Kinesiology Presentation Alexandria Harris 12/7/2009

3. What is it? 300,000 annually Signs and Symptoms Kinesiology Presentation Alexandria Harris 12/7/2009

4. Brain normally floats in your skull and is cushioned with spinal fluid. Abrupt blows to the brain and/or rapid deceleration can cause the brain to bounce CT Scans Kinesiology Presentation Alexandria Harris 12/7/2009

5. How Much Can the Brain Take? Kinesiology Presentation Alexandria Harris 12/7/2009 Hybrid III dummies Concussions occur at impact velocity of 9.3 +/- 1.9 m/s oblique on the facemask, side, and back of the helmet.

6. Helmets Kinesiology Presentation Alexandria Harris 12/7/2009

7. Impulse Forces can be reduced by lengthening (t) Kinesiology Presentation Alexandria Harris 12/7/2009 F = m ( v f – v i ) t

8. Kinesiology Presentation Alexandria Harris 12/7/2009 Max Head Jerk, m/s 3 Impact Force, lbs Impulse, N·sImpact Duration, ms Overall average of NFL concussions in 2001 10.38 ± 9.92295.60 ± 230.064.81 ± 3.578.99 ± 3.01

9. Reduction of Concussions National Operating Committee on Standards for Athletic Equipment In the past ten years, helmet performance has improved with thicker padding and fuller coverage by the shell. Rule 12, Section 2, Article 8(g) of the NFL Official Playing Rules Fines? Kinesiology Presentation Alexandria Harris 12/7/2009

10. 1.) Why is head to head contact worse than head-chest, head-ground? 2.) Why doesn’t the striking player ever get the concussion? 3.)What player position incurs the most concussions? 4.) Do concussions occur more during practices or games? 5.) What level of football has a higher affinity for concussions: collegiate or high school? Kinesiology Presentation Alexandria Harris 12/7/2009

11. Kinesiology Presentation Alexandria Harris 12/7/2009 Broglio, Steven P, et al. "Head Impacts During High School Football: A Biomechanical Assessment." Journal of Athletic Training (2009): 342-49. Levy, ML, et al. "Analysis and evolution of head injury in football." Neurosurgery (2004): 649-55. Pellman, EJ, et al. "Concussion in professional football: helmet testing to assess impact performance." Neurosurgery (2006): 78-96. Pellman et al. "Concussion in professional football: reconsstruction of game impacts and injuries." Nuerosurgery (2003): 799-812. Pellman, Elliot, et al. "Concussion in Professional Football: Location and Direction of Helmet Impacts." Neurosurgery (2003): 1328-1341. Viano, DC and EJ Pellman. "Concussion in professional football: biomechanics of the striking player." Neurosurgery (2005): 266-80. Works Cited: