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Polymers Alex Stamm and Noah Brubaker June 29 th, 2011
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Hydrocarbons ex: Alkanes 1 – Meth- 2 – Eth- 3 – Prop- 4 – But- 5 – Pent- 6 – Hex- 7 – Hept- 8 – Oct- 9 – Non- 10 – Dec- 11 – Undec- 12 – Dodec-
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Hydrocarbons at Room Temperature Gas Methane Ethane Propane Butane Plastic Liquid Waxy 20 to 40 Carbons 5 to 19 Carbons 40 or more Carbons
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Melting Point As the length of hydrocarbons get longer, the Melting Point grows Higher. Why?
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What other material properties change? Viscosity Hardness Toughness Flammability
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Bonding Covalent Ionic (NaCl) Polar (H 2 O) Van der Waals
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Rubber Tree Sap: Sticky Viscous Gooey Goodyear Experiment Luck Profit ($0)
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Vulcanization
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Time for an Activity! Please find a partner. Follow me into the hall.
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Molecular Structure of Polymers Linear High Density Polyethylene (HDPE), PVC, Nylon, Cotton Branched Low Density Polyethylene (LDPE) Cross-linked Rubber Network Kevlar, Epoxy
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Low-Density Polyethylene (LDPE) Chain Length : 1000 - 2000
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High-Density Polyethylene (HDPE) Chain Length : 10,000 – 100,000
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Ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) Helmet Gears Joint Replacement Chain Length : 2-6 million
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Endless Possibilities New Functional Groups Different Polymer Backbones
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Functional Groups
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PVC – (polyvinyl chloride) Chain Length : 4,000 – 5,000 More Polar Stronger Bonding
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Polyethylene Terephthalate (PETE) “Polyester” Chain Length : 4,000 – 8,000 Ester
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Nylon
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Cotton Long Strands of Cellulose + Hydrogen Bonds Cellulose is the most common organic material on earth! It is also a primary constituent of wood and paper.
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Polymers in Biology DNA Sugar Starch Proteins
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Kevlar Strong Network of Covalent Bonds And Polar Hydrogen Bonds
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Time for another Activity! How can we test which material is stronger?
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Endless Possibilities New Functional Groups Different Polymer Backbones
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Inorganic Polymers Silicon (Si)
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Inorganic Polymers Silicon (Si) Germanium (Ge)
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Inorganic Polymers Silicon (Si) Germanium (Ge) Boron-Nitrogen (B – N)
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Inorganic Polymers Silicon (Si) Germanium (Ge) Boron-Nitrogen (B – N) Aluminum – Nitrogen (Al – N) … On and on
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Conclusions: Polymers make up all sorts of materials that are all around us! They can have a huge range or material properties based on their: Functional Groups Structure Backbone Keep thinking about how chemical interactions on the nano-scale correspond to material properties on the macro-scale
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Links http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plastic_recycling http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plastic_recycling http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkane http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkane http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Higher_alkanes http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Higher_alkanes http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultra-high-molecular-weight_polyethylene http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultra-high-molecular-weight_polyethylene http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polycondensation http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polycondensation http://www.chemistryland.com/ElementarySchool/BuildingBlocks/BuildingOrg anic.htm http://www.chemistryland.com/ElementarySchool/BuildingBlocks/BuildingOrg anic.htm http://www.ndt- ed.org/EducationResources/CommunityCollege/Materials/Structure/polymer. htm http://www.ndt- ed.org/EducationResources/CommunityCollege/Materials/Structure/polymer. htm http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/science/21c/materials/molecstru ctpropertiesrev3.shtml http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/science/21c/materials/molecstru ctpropertiesrev3.shtml http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Van_der_Waals_force http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Van_der_Waals_force http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vulcanization http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vulcanization http://www.scribd.com/doc/26766586/08-Polymers-Why-is-Rubber-Elastic http://www.scribd.com/doc/26766586/08-Polymers-Why-is-Rubber-Elastic http://www.ndt- ed.org/EducationResources/CommunityCollege/Materials/Structure/polymer. htm http://www.ndt- ed.org/EducationResources/CommunityCollege/Materials/Structure/polymer. htm
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