1. Chapter Eleven – Forensic DNA Analysis FRSC 8104 Criminalistics II Professor Bensley

2. FRSC 8104 – DNA Objectives 1.Understand the basic principles of DNA structure and analysis. 2.Recall the history and major steps in the development of Forensic DNA Analyses 3.Describe and detail the methods of DNA Extraction and Quantitation from an evidentiary sample. 4.Describe and detail the steps involved in the Polymerase Chain Reaction.

3. FRSC 8104 – DNA Objectives 5.Understand the importance of Short Tandem Repeats in Forensic DNA Analysis. 6.Understand the function of the CODIS system 7.Describe various techniques used in the visualization of amplified DNA. 8.Convey the important concepts of advanced DNA techniques to include Y- STR and Mitochondrial DNA analyses.

4. FRSC 8104 – DNA Outline I.Introduction and Overview A.Sir Alec Jeffreys (1985) 1.Colin Pitchfork B.Results reported in DNA analysis

5. FRSC 8104 – DNA Outline

6. Nucleotide Structure (dATP)

9. FRSC 8104 – DNA Outline B.Chromosomes, Genes, DNA Markers

11. Locus (plural loci) is the specific location of a gene or DNA sequence on a chromosome. A variant of the DNA sequence at a given locus is called an allele. The ordered list of loci known for a particular genome is called a genetic map.

14. FRSC 8104 – DNA Outline C.DNA Marker Nomenclature D.Population Variation SEQUENCE POLYMORPHISMLENGTH POLYMORPHISM -------(AATG) (AATG) (AATG)-------- 3 repeats ------------(AATG) (AATG)------------ 2 repeats

15. FRSC 8104 – DNA Outline

16. C.Early Based PCR Testing 1.HLA DQ Alpha / DQA1 FRSC 8104 – DNA Outline

17. 2.Polymarker (PM+DQA1) FRSC 8104 – DNA Outline

18. 3.D1S80 FRSC 8104 – DNA Outline

19. 4.Short Tandem Repeats FRSC 8104 – DNA Outline

20. D.Silver vs. Fluorescent Staining Techniques FRSC 8104 – DNA Outline

21. IV.DNA Extraction A.Organic Extraction B.Chelex Extraction C.FTA Paper D.Solid Phase Extraction E.Differential Extraction

22. FRSC 8104 – DNA Outline V.DNA Quantitation A.Why? B.How? TAQMan

23. FRSC 8104 – DNA Outline

25. http://rst.gsfc.nasa.gov/Sect20/DNA-20replication.gif

27. FRSC 8104 – DNA Outline

28. VII.Short Tandem Repeat Markers (STRs) A.Repetitious DNA B.Microsatellites or STR

29. FRSC 8104 – DNA Outline C.13 CODIS STR Loci

30. The Thirteen CODIS STRs and Their Probability of Identities STRAfrican-AmericanCaucasian D3S13580.0940.075 vWA0.0630.062 FGA0.0330.036 THO10.1090.081 TPOX0.0900.195 CSF1PO0.0810.112 D5S8180.1120.158 D13S3170.1360.085 D7S8200.0800.065 D8S11790.0820.067 D21S110.0340.039 D18S510.0290.028 D16S5390.0700.089 Source: The Future of Forensic DNA Testing: Predictions of the Research and Development Working Group. Washington, DC: National Institute of Justice. Department of Justice, 2000, p. 41.

31. FRSC 8104 – DNA Outline VIII.DNA Separation and Detection A.Electrophoresis 1.Slab Gels 2.Capillary B.DNA Detection

33. FRSC 8104 – DNA Outline IX.Advanced Techniques A.Y-STR

34. FRSC 8104 – DNA Outline B.Mitochondrial DNA