2. Chapter 3 Perspectives on Effective Leadership Behavior Matakuliah: A0092 - Kepemimpinan Tahun: 2008 / 2009

3. Bina Nusantara Learning Objectives Understand what research methods have been used to study leadership behavior. Understand early research findings. Understand the broad and specific categories of leadership behavior. Understand different methods for developing taxonomies of leadership behavior.

4. Bina Nusantara Learning Objectives Understand the importance of task and relations behavior. Understand how specific types of task and relations behavior can be used effectively. Understand the three-dimensional model of leader behavior. Understand the contributions and limitations of the behavior approach.

5. Bina Nusantara Ohio State Leadership Studies Consideration Initiating Structure

6. Bina Nusantara Michigan Leadership Studies Task-Oriented Behavior Relations-Oriented Behavior Participative Leadership

7. Bina Nusantara Skandinavia Leadership Studies Task Oriented People Oriented Change Oriented

8. Bina Nusantara Survey Research Limitations Biases in Behavior Description Questionnaires Interpreting Causality in Survey Studies

9. Bina Nusantara Task and Relations Behavior Experiments Laboratory Experiments Field Experiments

10. Bina Nusantara Managerial Grade Model Concern for Production Concern for People

11. Bina Nusantara Critical Incidents Research Behavior incidents are collected by interview or open-ended questionnaire from a large sample of respondents.

12. Bina Nusantara The High-High Leader According to this theory, effective managers have a high concern for both people and production.

13. Bina Nusantara Categories of Leadership Behavior Broad, Abstract Concrete, Narrow Observed

14. Bina Nusantara Specific Task Behaviors Planning Work Activities Clarifying Roles and Objectives Monitoring Operations

15. Bina Nusantara Main Characteristics of The Effective Leadership Belief Exemplary Intelligence Ability Entrepreneur Personality

16. Bina Nusantara Specific Relations Behaviors Supporting Developing (Mentoring and Coaching) Recognizing

17. Bina Nusantara Working Performance of the Effective Leadership Increase the productivity of organization High satisfaction of employee Giving good contribution for environment

18. Bina Nusantara Summary Until the mid 1980s, most leader behavior research focused on initiating structure and leaders consideration. Though conclusions differ, overall results show that effective leaders are high-high. Key task behaviors are planning, clarifying, and monitoring. Key relationship oriented behaviors are supporting, developing, and recognizing.