1. New Grammar Unit Parts of the Sentence This is different from, though related to, the Parts of Speech we did in the first half of the quarter.

2. The Difference Parts of Speech The type of word it is. –Noun –Pronoun –Action Verb –Linking Verb –Helping Verb Adjective –Adverb –Preposition Parts of the Sentence What job the word performs –Subject –Action Verb –Direct Object –Indirect Object –Linking Verb –Predicate Noun –Predicate Adjective –Object of the Preposition

3. Today’s Topic: Subjects The Subject is the part of the sentence that performs the action. It is the star of the show, the center of attention, the big cheese. It is whom the sentence is about. If you have trouble, find the Verb and ask yourself, “Who or what is doing this verb?”

4. Subjects Every sentence has a Subject. Subjects are always nouns or pronouns. Subjects usually come at the beginning of a sentence. The Subject is never in a Prepositional Phrase.

5. Be careful with Pronouns Use a different pronoun for Subjects and Objects Subject Pronouns I He She We They Who Object Pronouns Me Him, Her Us Them Whom

6. Unusual Circumstances Though the Subject is usually at the beginning, in a question, the subject often comes later. –Ex: How are you today? –Ex: Does the grocery store sell dog food? –Ex: Where are your two dogs? There can be a Compound Subject: two or more Subjects joined by a Conjunction –Ex: My Aunt and Uncle live in Florida. –Ex: Neither my Dad nor Mom like it there. Try rewording it as a statement.

7. Subjects In a command, the subject is sometimes left out because the speaker is looking directly at the listener. It is called the “you understood”. –Ex: Go get the car.(You) go get the car. –Ex: Clean your room. (You) clean your room.

8. What is the Subject? You really should clean your room. Clean your room. Please, clean your room. Right now, clean your room! Doug, clean your room. Tell Doug to clean his room. Doug cannot be the Subject because the Subject and verb do not agree. (You)

9. “Lucy, have a nice day.” Here is why “Lucy” is not the subject of “Lucy, have a nice day.” The subject and the verb do not agree. Since “Lucy” is a third-person singular subject, it would need the third-person singular verb “has”. “have” is the second-person singular verb.

10. Find the Subject There is a cucaracha in my burger. (A cucaracha is in my burger. “There” and “Here” are never the subject of a sentence.) Here is my lost pen. (My lost pen is here. “Here” is an Adverb) The Dodgers are my favorite team. Baseball is my favorite sport. Running is my favorite activity. To run at night is very difficult. To compensate, I carry a flashlight.

11. Find the Subject One of my favorite movies is E.T. Nobody in my class likes it, though. Surprisingly, all of my teachers like it, too.

12. Answers One (of my favorite movies) is E.T. Nobody (in my class) likes it, though. Surprisingly, all (of my teachers) like it, too.

13. Direct Objects

14. Definition A direct object is always a noun or pronoun. It only comes in a sentence with an action verb. Since the Subject is the do-er (performer) of the action verb, the Direct Object is the receiver of the action of an action verb. The Direct Object will never be inside a prepositional phrase.

15. Super Gigantic Hint Since none of the things we will label come inside prepositional phrases except an Object of the Preposition… Cross out PREP PHRASES first! Then label the subject. Find the verb. Last, label the DIRECT OBJECT

16. Examples She threw the Frisbee. –What gets thrown? Frisbee He ate his lunch. –What gets eaten? Lunch The cat ate from her bowl. (note: “from her bowl” is a prep phrase = no direct object) What did you eat last night? (“you” is the subject)

17. Try it on your own. Copy these sentences in your notes and underline the DOs The teacher used chalk on the black board. Put the burger on the bun. I did my homework after dinner. What did you eat at the restaurant? At Burger King they microwave their hamburgers. She is the best athlete on the team.

18. Answers Make sure your answers were correct The teacher used chalk on the black board. Put the burger on the bun. I did my homework after dinner. What did you eat at the restaurant? (Think of it as: “You ate what?) At Burger King they microwave their hamburgers. She is the best athlete on the team. (None: DOs must receive the action of an ACTION VERB. Remember that “is” is a LINKING VERB.)

19. More Practice The monkey threw his food and his doll at the zoo keeper. The zoo keeper took him to his cage. The audience cheered for the monkey. Why would the monkey fight his keeper? At least the monkey did not throw something else! That monkey seems bad to me.

20. More Answers The monkey threw his food and his doll at the zoo keeper. The zoo keeper took him to his cage. The audience cheered for the monkey. (None) Why would the monkey fight his keeper? At least the monkey did not throw something else! That monkey seems bad to me. (None)