1. From Cell Division to Tumour

2. Cell Growth The Cell Grows New Organelles are made The DNA Duplicates

3. Cell Growth The Cell Grows New Organelles are made The DNA Duplicates Interphase!

4. The Chromosomes Thicken The chromosomes thicken. The chromosomes made up of two chromatids. Nuclear membrane dissolving.

5. The Chromosomes Thicken The chromosomes thicken. The chromosomes made up of two chromatids. Nuclear membrane dissolving Prophase!

6. Lined-Up The chromosomes line up in the middle. Nuclear membrane completely dissolved.

7. Lined-Up The chromosomes line up in the middle. Nuclear membrane completely dissolved. Metaphase!

8. Separation The chromatids separate Each of the daughter chromatids pulled to opposite sides of the cell.

9. Separation The chromatids separate Each of the daughter chromatids pulled to opposite sides of the cell. Anaphase!

10. It’s just a pinch Chromosomes reach opposite sides A new nuclear membrane formed around each group of chromosomes The cell membrane starts to pinch in the middle.

11. It’s just a pinch Chromosomes reach opposite sides A new nuclear membrane formed around each group of chromosomes The cell membrane starts to pinch in the middle. Telophase!

12. And they’re off on their own The pinching off is complete. The membrane separates giving rise to two new daughter cells

13. And they’re off on their own The pinching off is complete. The membrane separates giving rise to two new daughter cells Cytokinesis !

14. The Cell Division Story

15. Cell Division on overdrive Sometimes cell division gets out of hand. A mass of cells continue to divide without any benefit to the body. A lump of cells is formed- a Tumour

16. Benign Tumour A benign tumor does not affect the cells around it. The surrounding cells maybe crowded and squished, but they continue performing their functions.

17. Malignant Tumour It interferes with the work of the cells around it. May destroy the cells around it. Some malignant tumour cells can break away and travel to other parts of body.

18. Cancer and its Causes Cancer is a group of diseases that leads to uncontrolled cell division and the formation of a cell lump, a malignant tumour (a malignant tumour cell is said to be cancerous) Carcinogens- Environmental factors that cause cancer – Tobacco smoke – X-rays (repeated exposure) – Environmental pollution – UV radiation (sunlight or tanning beds) – Some organic solvents – Some chemicals (eg. Bi sphenol A -BPA- in plastic bottles)

19. Cancer by heredity – The DNA passed from one generation to the next may be damaged. Cancer by mutation – random changes in DNA.

21. Detection and Diagnosis Moles: Indicators of Skin Cancer

22. Detection and Diagnosis X-Rays: can detect cancer in bone, muscles and some organs.

23. Detection and Diagnosis Mammograms: a type of X-Ray used for breast cancer detection, and regular screening.

24. Detection and diagnosis Biopsy- A small portion of a suspected tumour is surgically removed, and the cells are compared to normal cells. Differences in size and shape are used to determine if the cells removed are cancerous.

25. Cancer Treatment