1. Disorders of the Endocrine System

2. Thyroid Gland Hormone: Thyroxin Overactivity (Too much hormone) -Increased metabolic rate -Increased food intake but loss of weight -Hyperthyroidism (Grave’s disease) -Goitre (swollen neck, maybe bulging eyes)

3. Goitre

4. Thyroid Gland Hormone: Thyroxin Underactivity (Not enough hormone) -Hypothyroidism (Hashimoto’s disease) - Reduced metabolic rate -Low food intake but gain of weight -Myxoedema (when onset in adults) -Cretinism (when onset in children) -Can also cause a goitre

5. Myxoedema Puffiness (swelling) Fatigue Obesity Dry, thickened skin Mental impairment Thin, brittle hair

6. Cretinism Protuberant abdomen Short Stature Infertility Neurological impairment Constant Fatigue Obesity

7. Thyroid Gland Hormone: Calcitonin Overactivity - Increased Bone Ca, decreased Blood Ca - Tetany (nerve problems leading to muscle spasms or cramps) Underactivity - Increase Blood Ca, decreased Bone Ca -Osteoporosis (brittle bones) -Kidney stones

8. Parathyroid Glands Hormone: Parathormone (PTH) Underactivity -Low Blood calcium, High Bone Ca -Tetany Overactivity -High Blood calcium, Low Bone Ca -Osteoporosis

9. Pancreas Hormone: Insulin Overactivity -Low blood sugar level ( ↓BSL) -Hypoglycemia Underactivity -High blood sugar level ( ↑BSL) -Hyperglycemia -Diabetes

10. Pancreas Hormone: Glucagon Overactivity -High blood sugar level ( ↑BSL) -Diabetes Underactivity -Low blood sugar level ( ↓BSL) -Hyper insulinism

11. Anterior Pituitary Gland Hormone: Growth Hormone Overactive -Giantism (children - very tall) -Acromegaly (adults - bones & skin thicken) Underactive - Dwarfism (very short)

12. Giantism The man holding the baby in the photo is 8 ft, 2.5 inches tall

13. Acromegaly

14. Dwarfism Dwarfism occurs when there is short supply of GH in childhood. There are two types of dwarfism – Lorrain and Frohlich’s

15. CHART ANSWERS

16. Thyroxin – increases metabolic rate Overactive Goitre Hyperthyroidism Grave’s Disease Underactive Goitre Hypothyroidism Hashimoto’s Disease Myxoedema (adults) Cretinism (kids)

17. Calcitonin – Inc. Ca uptake by bones and dec. Ca level in blood Overactive Tetany Underactive Kidney Stones Osteoporosis

18. Parathormone (PTH) – inc. Ca level in blood, dec. Ca level in bone Overactive Kidney Stones Osteoporosis Underactive Tetany

19. Insulin – dec. blood sugar levels Overactive Hypoglycemia Hyperinsulinism (insulin shock) Underactive Hyperglycemia Diabetes

20. Calcitonin Vs. Parathormone Calcitonin –Parathormone - Over Reactivity Under Reactivity Blood Ca Tetany Osteoporosis Kidney Stones Osteoporosis Kidney Stones Blood Ca

21. Glucagon – inc. blood sugar levels Overactive Hyperglycemia Diabetes Underactive Hypoglycemia Hyperinsulinism

22. Insulin vs Glucagon Insulin –Glucagon - Over Reactivity Under Reactivity BSL Hyperglycemia Diabetes BSL Hyperglycemia Diabetes Hypoglycemia BSL Hypoglycemia BSL

23. GH - Growth Hormone – increases bone growth Overactive Giantism (children) Acromegaly (adults) Underactive Dwarfism (Frohlich’s and Lorrain)

24. MSH - Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone – causes color cells (melanocytes) in skin to darken Overactive Skin darkens Under active Skin will not darken Most severe condition is albinism

25. LH, FSH, ICTH – sex hormones in males and females that aid in sperm or egg (gamete) production Overactive Unknown Underactive Sterility

26. Corticoids – inc. blood pressure, inc. food metabolism and dec. inflammation Overactive Cushing’s Syndrome Underactive Addison’s Disease Decreased cortisol and/or aldosterone production