1. Kingdom Protista “Protists” Kingdom Protista “Protists” I. Characteristics A.All are eukaryotic B.Most are unicellular /some are multicellular C.Asexual or sexual reproduction D.Autotrophic or heterotrophic E.Can be grouped into 3 general categories by the way they obtain nutrition

2. PROTISTS PROTOZOANS (Animal-like) ALGAE (Plant-like) Slime/Water Molds (Fungus-like)

3. II. Animal – like Protists: Protozoans A. Heterotrophs-do not make their own food B. Classified by means of movement

4. False feet = pseudopods Projections of their cytoplasm (false feet) Most harmless, but some cause dysentery

5. 1. amoeba-can cause amoebic dysentery 1. amoeba-can cause amoebic dysentery

6. 2. Lime skeleton formed the white cliffs of Dover

7. Move by flagella (whip- like tail) Beneficial example - Trichonympha – live in gut of termites-help termite digest wood

8. 3. Parasitic a. Trichomonas- causes STD =venereal disease causes STD =venereal disease b. Giardia-freshwater, causes dysentery b. Giardia-freshwater, causes dysentery

9. c. Trypanosoma-African sleeping sickness-carried by tsetse fly

10. PARAMECIUM move by cilia

11. Paramecium

12. Sessile 1. Do not move on their own (sessile) 2. All are parasitic-carried by an insect (insect is the vector) 3.Example-Plasmodium – in saliva glands of mosquito, causes Malaria

13. MALARIA

15. III. Plant-like protists A. Autotrophs-photosynthetic-make their own food B. Classified by: 1.Color 2.Photosynthetic pigments 3.Whether they are unicellular or multicellular

16. A. Unicellular Algae

17. 1. golden algae a. Cell walls of silica b. Example- Diatoms 1.C leaners, toothpaste, filters (diatomaceous earth) 2.M akes up phytoplankton Direct and indirect food source for ocean animals Produce large amount of oxygen (50-70%) Source of offshore oil deposits Autotrophic-bottom of the food chain

18. Diatoms

19. 2. Dinoflagellata a. Phytoplankton b. 2 flagella

20. c. Bioluminescent-produce light

21. red tide – a bloom that forms toxins bloom = enormous growth bloom = enormous growth 1.Depletes water of nutrients 2.Decomposes dead cells removing oxygen from water 3.Fish and other organisms die

22. RED TIDE

23. Euglena Used in sewage treatment plants Can cause blooms in pond water

24. B. Algae- autotroph-contain chlorophyll and accessory pigments that can give color; Classified by color Classified by color

25. Green Algae evolved into 1 st land plants Examples Examples unicellular-Chlamydomonas unicellular-Chlamydomonas

26. Volvox-colonial Volvox-colonial

27. spirogyra

28. Red Algae Used to thicken soup, pudding, frosting. Thickener is carageenan

29. Used to make nori (sushi wrap) Used to make nori (sushi wrap)

30. 3. Brown algae Kelp – largest brown seaweed - used to thicken ice cream

31. d. Sargassum – makes up the Sargasso Sea

32. IV. Fungus-like protists Slime and Water Molds Decompose matter in soil

33. Water molds Caused Great Potato Famine

34. KINGDOM FUNGI

35. I. Characteristics A. E ukaryotic, Heterotrophic, Cell walls made of chitin B. Decomposers, some are parasitic C. Classified by their fruiting body – how they produce spores

36. Fruiting Bodies

37. Hyphae basic structural unit

38. Bread Mold used in cortisone production Mycelium – mass of tangled hyphae

39. Yeasts – used in baking and brewing (unicellular) – fermentation product = CO2 fermentation product = CO2 Remember balloon lab in the fall

40. Truffles - edible Morel - edible

41. Bracket Fungi Bracket Fungi

42. Mushrooms-some are food Mushrooms-some are food

43. Rusts/Smuts -- destroy cereal crops Rusts/Smuts -- destroy cereal crops

44. Amantia – Deathcap very poisonous

45. Puffballs

46. Penicillium – makes antibiotic & gives bleu cheese the blue veins

47. -makes citric acid and soy sauce -used to produce cyclosporin (anti-rejection drug for transplant patients)

48. Responsible for athlete’s foot, ringworm, jock itch, thrush

49. VI. Symbiotic Relationship close association of 2 organisms A. Lichen – algae (makes food) + fungus (traps moisture); used to detect air pollution used to detect air pollution B. Mycorrhizae – plant roots (feeds fungus) + fungus (gives water and minerals) fungus (gives water and minerals)