1. The Cell Cycle

2. Cell Cycle Humans go through stages of life. Humans go through stages of life. Cells go through stages too. Cells go through stages too. The life cycle of a cell is called the CELL CYCLE. The life cycle of a cell is called the CELL CYCLE. The cell cycle is the process cells go through to grow, copy their DNA, and divide to make new cells. The cell cycle is the process cells go through to grow, copy their DNA, and divide to make new cells. The cell cycle starts when a cell is formed and ends when the cell divides to make new cells. The cell cycle starts when a cell is formed and ends when the cell divides to make new cells.

3. Cell Cycle Different types of cells divide in different ways. Different types of cells divide in different ways. Before any cell divides, it makes a copy of its DNA, a molecule that determines what cells will do. Before any cell divides, it makes a copy of its DNA, a molecule that determines what cells will do. Cells make new cells in two different ways depending on what type of cells they are. Cells make new cells in two different ways depending on what type of cells they are.

4. Cell Cycle BINARY FISSION- the method by which prokaryotes form new cells. BINARY FISSION- the method by which prokaryotes form new cells. –Prokaryotes are cells that do not have a nucleus, for example bacteria. –After a prokaryote copies its DNA, it splits into two parts and becomes two cells. –Each cell has a copy of the DNA and is exactly the same as the cell that it came from.

5. Cell Cycle EUKARYOTIC CELL DIVISION- EUKARYOTIC CELL DIVISION- Stage 1: Interphase Stage 1: Interphase Before eukaryote cells divide, it copies its DNA. It does this by copying its chromosomes. Before eukaryote cells divide, it copies its DNA. It does this by copying its chromosomes. –CHROMOSOMES= are tiny packets of DNA inside a eukaryotes nucleus.  HOMOLOGOUS CHROMOSOMES=chromosomes that have the same sequence of genes and the same structure.  After each chromosome is duplicated, the two copies are called chromatids.  Chromatids are held together at a region called the centromere.

6. Cell Cycle Once the chromosomes are copied, the cell goes through the second phase of it’s cell cycle, called MITOSIS. Once the chromosomes are copied, the cell goes through the second phase of it’s cell cycle, called MITOSIS. –MITOSIS is the separation of chromosomes.

7. Cell Cycle Stage 2: Mitosis Stage 2: Mitosis STAGES OF MITOSIS: STAGES OF MITOSIS:  Prophase- the chromosomes thicken and shrink into rod like structures. The nuclear membrane dissolves.

8. CELL CYCLE Metaphase-The chromosomes line up along the midline of the cell. Metaphase-The chromosomes line up along the midline of the cell.

9. CELL CYCLE Anaphase- the chromosomes separate and move to opposite sides of the cell Anaphase- the chromosomes separate and move to opposite sides of the cell

10. CELL CYCLE Telophase- the chromosomes start to grow back to their original size. The nuclear membrane reforms. The cytoplasm of the mother cell divides, which is called cytokinesis, and forms two daughter cells. Each daughter cell has the same number and type of chromosomes as the mother cell. Telophase- the chromosomes start to grow back to their original size. The nuclear membrane reforms. The cytoplasm of the mother cell divides, which is called cytokinesis, and forms two daughter cells. Each daughter cell has the same number and type of chromosomes as the mother cell.

11. Mitosis Animation http://www.cellsalive.com/mitosis.htm http://www.cellsalive.com/mitosis.htm http://www.cellsalive.com/mitosis.htm http://highered.mcgraw- hill.com/sites/0072495855/student_view0/ chapter2/animation__mitosis_and_cytokin esis.html http://highered.mcgraw- hill.com/sites/0072495855/student_view0/ chapter2/animation__mitosis_and_cytokin esis.html http://highered.mcgraw- hill.com/sites/0072495855/student_view0/ chapter2/animation__mitosis_and_cytokin esis.html http://highered.mcgraw- hill.com/sites/0072495855/student_view0/ chapter2/animation__mitosis_and_cytokin esis.html